Bibliography

Bibliographical abbreviations

ADEE = Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology
AEW = Holthausen, Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
AND = Anglo-Norman Dictionary
Anderson = Anderson ed., Cleanness
AndPat = Anderson ed., Patience
AW = Andrew and Waldron eds., The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript
Bammesberger = Bammesberger, Die Morphologie des urgermanischen Nomens
Barron = Barron, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Bateson = Bateson, Patience: a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century 
Bense = Bense, A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary
Bj. = Björkman, Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English
Bj-L. = Bjorvand and Lindeman, Våre Arveord: Etymologisk Ordbok
Borroff = Borroff and Howes eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Boutkan/Siebinga = Boutkan and Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary  
Br-N. = Brøndum-Nielsen, Gammeldansk grammatik i sproghistorisk fremstilling  
BT = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, ed. Bosworth and Toller
BTS = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Supplement, ed. Toller and Campbell
BTSC = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Supplement, ed. Campbell
Burrow = Burrow ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
CA = Cawley and Anderson eds., Pearl, Cleanness, Patience and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Campbell = Campbell, Old English Grammar
CDEPN = Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names 
CH = Clark Hall, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
CV = Cleasby-Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary
Dance = Dance, Words Derived from Old Norse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Etymological Survey
DEAF = Dictionnaire étymologique de l’ancien français
DEPN = Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names
DMF = Dictionnaire de moyen français, version 2010
DMLBS = Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources
DP = Björkman, ‘Zur dialektischen Provenienz der nordischen Lehnwörter im Englischen’
DOE = Dictionary of Old English
DOST = Craigie and Aitkins eds., A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
EDD = The English Dialect Dictionary, ed. Wright
eDIL = Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
EETS = Early English Text Society (o.s. = original series, s.s. = supplementary series)
EVG = Gordon ed., Pearl
EPNE = Smith, English Place-Name Elements
EPNS = English Place-Name Society
Falk-Torp = Falk and Torp, Norwegisch-dänisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
FEW = Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch  (where FEW: Germanismes = appendix of words of Gmc origin)
GED = Lehmann, A Gothic Etymological Dictionary
GDS = Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, ed. Gollancz with Day and Serjeantson
Goll = Gollancz ed., Pearl
GollCl = Gollancz ed., Cleanness
GollErk = Gollancz ed., St Erkenwald
GollPat = Gollancz ed., Patience, 2nd edn.
Gordon = Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse, 2nd ed. rev. Taylor
GPC = Bevan et al (eds.), Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (online ed.)
Fritzner = Fritzner, Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog
Heid. = Heidermanns, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive
Hellquist = Svensk Etymologisk Ordbok
Heusler = Heusler, Altisländisches Elementarbuch
Hofmann = Hofmann, Nordisch-Englische Lehnbeziehungen der Wikingerzeit
Hogg = Hogg, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 1
Hogg-Fulk = Hogg and Fulk, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 2
HTOED = The Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary
Jakobsen = Jakobsen, An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland
Jóh. = Alexander Jóhannesson, Isländisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
Jones = Jones ed., Sir Gawain and the Grene Gome
Jordan-Crook = Jordan, Handbook of Middle English Grammar: Phonology, trans. and rev. Crook 
Ker = Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon
Kluge-Seebold = Seebold, ed., Kluge, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 23rd edn.
Krahe-Meid = Krahe and Meid, Germanische Sprachwissenschaft
Kroonen = Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic
LAEME = A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English
LALME = A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English
lFT = La Farge and Tucker, Glossary to the Poetic Edda
LEIA = Vendryes, Bachellery and Lambert eds., Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien
Lloyd and Lühr = Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, ed. Lloyd, Lühr and Springer  
LP = Finnur Jónsson, Lexicon Poeticum
Luick = Luick, Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache
MacBain = MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
Madden = Madden ed., Sir Gawayne
Mag. = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon, Íslensk Orðsifjabók
Matasović = Matasović, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
McGee = McGee, ‘The Geographical Distribution of Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English, with Special Reference to the Alliterative Poetry’
McGillivray = McGillivray et al. eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
McL = McLaughlin, Graphemic-Phonemic Study
MED = Middle English Dictionary
M(G) = Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, ed. Morris, rev. Gollancz (1897; rev. ed. 1912)
Miller = Miller, External Influences on English
Moorman = Moorman, The Works of the Gawain-poet
Morris = Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, ed. Morris (1864; 2nd ed. 1869)
Nielsen = Nielsen, Dansk Etymologisk Ordbog
Noreen = Noreen, Altnordische Grammatik I: altisländische und altnorwegische Grammatik
ODEE = The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
OED = Oxford English Dictionary (OED2 = the 2nd ed.; OED3 = the ongoing revised 3rd ed., newly updated entries)
Olsen = Olsen, ed., Cleanness in McGillivray
ONP = Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog / A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose
Orel = Orel, A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
Peters = Peters, ‘Zum skandinavischen Lehngut im Altenglischen’
Peterson = Peterson ed., Saint Erkenwald
Pokorny = Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
PS = Putter and Stokes eds., The Works of the Gawain Poet
Rynell = Rynell, The Rivalry of Scandinavian and Native Synonyms in Middle English
Seebold = Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben
Silverstein = Silverstein ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Sisam = Sisam, Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose
Skeat = WA The Wars of Alexander: An Alliterative Romance, ed. Skeat
SPS = Pons-Sanz, The Lexical Effects of Anglo-Scandinavian Linguistic Contact on Old English
Stratmann-Bradley = Stratmann and Bradley, eds., A Middle English Dictionary  
Tamm = Tamm, Etymologisk svensk ordbok 
Thorson = Thorson, Anglo-Norse Studies
TG = Tolkien and Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
TGD = Tolkien and Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, rev. Davis
Torp-Falk = Torp, Wortschatz der germanischen Spracheinheit, unter Mitwirkung von Hjalmar Falk
Torp NnEO = Torp, Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok
TOE = A Thesaurus of Old English
TPD = The Wars of Alexander, ed. Duggan and Turville-Petre
Vant = Vantuono ed., The Pearl Poems
VEPN = Vocabulary of English Place-Names  
de Vries = de Vries, Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
de Vries/de Tollenaere = de Vries and de Tollenaere, Etymologisch Woordenboek
WAWN = Holthausen, Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altwestnordischen
Winny = Winny ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Zoëga = Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic


Editions

Anderson, J. J. ed., Patience, Old and Middle English Texts (Manchester, 1969)
 
Anderson, J. J. ed., Cleanness, Old and Middle English Texts (Manchester, 1977)
 
Andrew, M. and R. Waldron eds., The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript (Exeter, 2007)
 
Barron, W. R. J. ed. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Manchester, 1974)
 
Bateson, H. ed., Patience: a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century, 2nd ed. (Manchester, 1918)
 
Brook, G. L. ed., The Harley Lyrics: The Middle English Lyrics of Ms. Harley 2253, Old and Middle English Texts, 4th ed. (Manchester, 1968)
 
Burrow, J. A. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Harmondsworth, 1972)
 
Cawley, A. C. and J. J. Anderson eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience (London, 1991)
 
Chaucer, G., The Riverside Chaucer ed. Benson, L. D. et al. (Boston, 1987)
 
Duggan, H. N. and T. Turville-Petre eds., The Wars of Alexander, EETS s.s. 10 (Oxford, 1989)

Fulk, R. D., R. E. Bjork and J. D. Niles eds., Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, 4th ed., Toronto Old English Series (Toronto, Buffalo and London, 2008)

Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Cleanness (Oxford, 1921 [repr. 1974])
 
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Patience, 2nd ed. (London, 1924)
 
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, re-edited from MS. Cotton Nero, A. x, in the British Museum, with introductory essays by M. Day and M. S. Serjeantson, EETS o.s. 210 (London, 1940)
 
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Pearl, an English poem of the XIVth century: ed., with modern rendering, together with Boccaccio's Olympia (London, 1921)
 
Gordon, E. V. ed., Pearl (Oxford, 1953)
 
Jones, R. T. ed., Sir Gawain and the Grene Gome: a regularized text prepared and introduced by R. T. Jones (Pietermaritzburg, 1960)
 
Madden, Sir F. ed., Syr Gawayne: A Collection of Ancient Romance-Poems, by Scottish and English Authors, Relating to that Celebrated Knight of the Round Table, with an Introduction, Notes, and a Glossary, The Bannatyne Club (London, 1839)
 
Maetzner, E., Altenglische Sprachproben, nebst einem Wörterbuche, 2 vols (Berlin, 1867–1900)
 
McGillivray, M. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, with help from E. Fahssi, D. Hyttenrauch and A. Taylor, Poems of London, British Library MS Cotton Nero A.x. (Part 3): A Critical Edition (Calgary, Alberta, 2016) (<http://gawain-ms.ca>)
 
Menner, R. J. ed., Purity: A Middle English Poem (New Haven, 1920 [repr. 1970])
 
Moorman, C., ed., The Works of the Gawain-Poet (Jackson, MS, 1977)
 
Morris, R. ed., Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century, copied and edited from a unique manuscript in the Library of the British Museum, EETS o.s. 1 (London, 1864; rev. ed. 1869)
 
Morris, R. ed., Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight: An Alliterative Romance Poem (ab. 1360 A.D.), by the author of ‘Early English Alliterative Poems’, re-edited from Cotton. MS. Nero, A. x, in the British Museum, EETS o.s. 4 (London, 1864; rev. ed. 1869)
 
Morris, R. ed., Gollancz, Sir I. rev., Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight: by the author of Early English alliterative poems; re-edited from Cotton, MS. Nero, A, x., in the British Museum, EETS o.s. 4 (London, 1897; rev. ed. 1912)
 
Peterson, C. ed., St Erkenwald (Philadelphia, 1977)
 
Putter, A. and M. Stokes eds., The Works of the Gawain Poet: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Penguin Classics (London, 2014)
 
Savage, H. L. ed., St. Erkenwald, a Middle English Poem, Edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary (New Haven and London, 1926)

Silverstein, T. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A New Critical Edition (Chicago and London, 1974)

Sisam, K. ed., Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose (Oxford, 1921)
 
Skeat, W. W. ed., The Wars of Alexander: an alliterative romance (London, 1886)
 
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Oxford, 1925)
 
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 2nd ed. rev. N. Davis (Oxford, 1967)
 
Vantuono, W. ed., The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition, The Renaissance Imagination 5 (New York, 1984)
 
Winny, J. ed. and trans., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Peterborough, Ont., 1992)
 
Wright, T. ed., Political poems and songs relating to English history: composed during the period from the accession of Edw. III. to that of Ric. III, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores 14, 2 vols (London 1859–61)

 

Dictionaries and reference works

Alexander Jóhannesson, Isländisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bern, 1956)
 
Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon, Íslensk Orðsifjabók (Reykjavík, 1989)
 
Baldinger, K., F. Möhren and T. Städtler eds., Dictionnaire étymologique de l’ancien français (Tübingen, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1971–); <http://www.deaf-page.de/index.php>
 
Bammesberger, A., Die Morphologie des urgermanischen Nomens (Heidelberg, 1990)

Bense, J. F., A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary (London, 1926–9)

Bevan, G A., P. J. Donovan and A. Hawke, eds., Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru; A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, 2nd ed. (Cardiff, 2003–); <http://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html>
 
Bjorvand, H. and F. O. Lindeman, Våre Arveord: Etymologisk Ordbok, rev. ed. (Oslo, 2007)
 
Boutkan, D. and S. M. Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden, 2005)
 
Cameron, A., A. C. Amos, A diP. Healey et al eds., Dictionary of Old English: A–I Online (Toronto, 2018); <https://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doe/>
 
Campbell, A., Old English Grammar (Oxford, 1959)
 
Campbell, A., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of Joseph Bosworth, Enlarged Addenda and Corrigenda to the Supplement (London, 1972)
 
Cleasby, R., An Icelandic-English Dictionary, instigated by Richard Cleasby, subsequently revised, enlarged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson, 2nd ed. with a supplement by Sir W. A. Craigie (Oxford, 1957)
 
Craigie, W. A. and A. J. Aitkins eds., A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century to the End of the Seventeenth, 12 vols (Chicago and Oxford, 1931–2002); <http://www.dsl.ac.uk/>
 
Degnbol, H. et. al. eds., Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog / A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (Copenhagen, 1989–); access to slips and draft entries at <http://onp.ku.dk/>
 
Ekwall, E., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Oxford, 1936)
 
Falk, H. and A. Torp, Norwegisch-dänisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Germanische Bibliothek 1, 2nd ed., 2 vols (Heidelberg, 1960)
 
Geir Tómasson Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic (Toronto, 2004)
 
Gordon, E. V. T, rev. A. R. Taylor, An Introduction to Old Norse (Oxford and New York, 1957)
 
Gregory, S., W. Rothwell, D. Trotter, G. de Wilde and H. Pagan eds., Anglo-Norman Dictionary Online, 2nd ed. (Aberystwyth and Swansea, 2001–); <http://www.anglo-norman.net/>
 
Hall, J. R. Clark, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 4th ed., rev. H. D. Meritt (Cambridge, 1960)
 
Healey, A. diP., with J. Price Wilkin and Xin Xiang, Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus (Toronto, 2009); <http://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doecorpus/>
 
Heidermanns, F., Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive, Studia Linguistica Germanica 33 (Berlin, 1993)
 
Hellquist, E., Svensk Etymologisk Ordbok, 3rd ed. (Lund, 1970)
 
Heusler, A., Altisländisches Elementarbuch, 2nd ed. (Heidelberg, 1921)
 
Hogg, R. M., A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 1: Phonology (Oxford, 1992)
 
Hogg, R.M. and R. D. Fulk, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 2 (Chichester, 2011)
 
Holthausen, F. ed., Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Heidelberg, 1934)
 
Holthausen, F., Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altwestnordischen, Altnorwegisch-isländischen, einschliesslich der Lehn- und Fremdwörter sowie der Eigennamen (Göttingen, 1948)
 
Jakobsen, J., An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland (London, 1928–32)
 
Jordan, R., Handbook of Middle English Grammar: Phonology, trans. and rev. E. J. Crook, Janua Linguarum: Series Practica 218 (The Hague, 1974)
 
Kahane, H. and R. Kahane, ‘Germanic Derivations of Romance Words’, Journal of English and Germanic Philology 60 (1961), 460–76

Krahe, H. and W. Meid, Germanische Sprachwissenschaft, 7th ed., 3 vols. (Berlin, 1969)

Kristensson, G., A survey of Middle English dialects, 1290-1350: the six northern counties and Lincolnshire (Lund, 1967)
 
Kroonen, G., Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden, 2013)
 
Kurath, H., S. M. Kuhn and R. E. Lewis eds., Middle English Dictionary (Ann Arbor, London and Oxford, 1956–2001); <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary>
 
Laing, M., A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150–1325, version 3.2 (Edinburgh, 2013–); <http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/laeme2/laeme2.html>
 
Latham, R. E., D. Howlett and R. Ashdowne, eds., Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, 17 vols (Oxford and London, 1975–2013); <http://www.dmlbs.ox.ac.uk/>
 
Lehmann, W. P., A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, with bibliography prepared under the direction of H. J. Hewitt (Leiden, 1986)
 
Liberman, A., An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction (Minneapolis and London, 2008)
 
Lloyd, A. L., R. Lühr and O. Springer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (Göttingen and Zürich, 1988–)
 
Luick, K., Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, 2 vols (Leipzig, 1914–40), repr. with a glossary by R. F. S. Hamer (Stuttgart, 1964)
 
MacBain, Alexander, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, 2nd ed. (Stirling, 1911)
 
Matasović, R., Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9 (Leiden and Boston, 2009)
 
McIntosh, A., M. Benskin and M. L. Samuels, with the assistance of M. Laing and K. Williamson, A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, 4 vols (Aberdeen, 1986); electronic version, webscripts by V. Karaiskos and K. Williamson (Edinburgh, 2013); <http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/elalme/elalme.html>
 
Murray, J. A. H., H. Bradley, W. A. Craigie and C. T. Onions, eds., The Oxford English Dictionary (first published as A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles) (Oxford, 1928); 2nd ed., ed. J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner (Oxford, 1989); 3rd ed. in progress; <http://www.oed.com>
 
Nielsen, N. Å., Dansk Etymologisk Ordbog (Copenhagen, 1966)
 
Noreen, A., Svenska etymologier (Uppsala, 1897)
 
Noreen, A., Altnordische Grammatik I: altisländische und altnorwegische Grammatik (Laut- und Flexionslehre) unter Berücksichtigung des Urnordischen, 5th ed. (Tübingen, 1970)
 
Orel, V., A Handbook of Germanic Etymology (Leiden and Boston, 2003)
 
Onions, C.T. ed., with the assistance of G. W. S. Friedrichsen and R. W. Burchfield, The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (Oxford, 1966)
 
Parsons, D. and T. Styles, with C. Hough, The Vocabulary of English Place-Names (Nottingham, 1997–) 
 
Pokorny, J., Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 2 vols (Bern, 1948–69)
 
Seebold, E., Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Berlin, 1970)
 
Stratmann, F. H. and H. Bradley, H., A Middle English Dictionary: containing words used by English writers from the twelfth to the fifteenth century (Oxford, 1891)  
 
Sveinbjörn Egilsson and Finnur Jónsson, Lexicon poeticum antiquae linguae septentrionalis. 2nd ed. (Copenhagen, 1931 [repr. 1966])
 
Tamm, F.A., Etymologisk svensk ordbok (Uppsala, 1890–1905)
 
Toller, T. N. ed., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth (Oxford, 1898)
 
Toller, T. N. ed., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth, Supplement (Oxford, 1921)
 
Toner, G. and M. Ní Mhaonaigh et al rev., Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language: Online Edition (Dublin, 2013–); <http://www.dil.ie/>
 
Torp, A., Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok (Oslo, 1919)
 
Torp, A., Wortschatz der germanischen Spracheinheit, unter Mitwirkung von Hjalmar Falk gänzlich umgearbeitet von Alf Torp (Göttingen, 1909)
 
Vendryes, J., E. Bachellery and P.-Y. Lambert eds., Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien, 7 vols (Dublin and Paris, 1959–96)
 
de Vries, J., Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (Leiden, 1977)
 
de Vries, J., rev. F. de Tollenaere, Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek (Leiden, 1963–71)
 
von Wartburg, W. et al, Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: eine Darstellung des galloromanischen Sprachschatzes, 25 vols (Bonn, 1922–78); <https://apps.atilf.fr/lecteurFEW/>
 
Wright, J. ed., The English Dialect Dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years, 6 vols (London: 1898–1905); online as EDD Online, Version 2.0, ed. M. Markus (Innsbruck, <http://eddonline-proj.uibk.ac.at/edd/index.jsp>)

 

Other

Andrew, S. O., ‘The Text of Sir Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt’, Review of English Studies 6 (1930), 175–82
Barber, C., The English Language: A Historical Introduction (Cambridge, 2000)
 
Barber, C., J. C. Beale and P. A. Shaw, The English Language: A Historical Introduction, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 2009)
 
Bayless, M., ‘Alea, Tæfl, and Related Games: Vocabulary and Context’, in Latin Learning and English Lore: Studies in Anglo-Saxon Literature for Michael Lapidge, ed. K. O’Brien O’Keeffe and A. Orchard, vol. 2, Toronto Old English Series (Toronto, Buffalo, London, 2005), 9–27
 
Bazell, C. E., ‘Six Questions of Old and Middle English Morphology’, English and Medieval Studies Presented to J. R. R. Tolkien on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, ed. N. Davis and C. L. Wrenn (London, 1962), pp. 51–62
 
Bibire, P., ‘North Sea Language Contacts in the Early Middle Ages: English and Norse’, in The North Sea World in the Middle Ages: Studies in the Cultural History of North-Western Europe, ed. T. R. Liszka and L. E. M. Walker (Dublin, 2001), pp. 88–107
 
Björkman, E., Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English, 2 vols, Studien zur englischen Philologie, 7, 11 (Halle, 1900–1902)
 
Björkman, E., Zur dialektischen Provenienz der nordischen Lehnwörter im Englischen (Uppsala, 1898–1901)
 
Bowen, E. G. and G. Jones, Review of Gollancz, Sir I., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Medium Ævum 13 (1944), 58–65
 
Bradley, H., ‘The Etymology of “Lad” and “Lass”’, The Athenaeum, Issue 3477 (June 16, 1894), 774
 
Brett, C., ‘Notes on “Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight”’, Modern Language Review 8 (1913), 160–4
 
Brett, C., ‘Notes on “Cleanness” and “Sir Gawayne”’, Modern Language Review 10 (1915), 188–95
 
Britton, D., ‘On Middle English she, sho: A Scots solution to an English problem’, NOWELE 17 (1991), 3–51
 
Brook, G. L., ‘The Original Dialects of the Harley Lyrics’, Leeds Studies in English 2 (1933), 38–61
 
Burnley, D., The Language of Chaucer (Basingstoke, 1983) [originally published as A Guide to Chaucer’s Language]
 
Clark, J. W., ‘On Certain “Alliterative” and “Poetic” Words in the Poems Attributed to “the Gawain-Poet”’, Modern Language Quarterly 12 (1951), 387–98
 
Coates, R., ‘Phonology and the Lexicon: A Case Study of Early English Forms in -gg-’, Indogermanische Forschungen 87 (1982), 195–222
 
Dance, R., ‘The Battle of Maldon l. 91 and the Origins of Call: A Reconsideration’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 100 (1999), 143–54
 
Dance, R., ‘Some Notes on Words Derived from Old Norse in Ancrene Wisse and the “Katherine Group”’, in A Book of Ancrene Wisse, ed. Y. Wada (Osaka, 2002), pp. 7–36
 
Dance, R., Words Derived from Old Norse in Early Middle English: Studies in the Vocabulary of the South-West Midland Texts, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 246 (Tempe, Arizona, 2003)
 
Dance, R., ‘“Tor for to telle”: Words Derived from Old Norse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, in Multilingualism in Medieval Britain (c. 1066–1520), ed. J. A. Jefferson and A. Putter (with the assistance of A. Hopkins), Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe 15 (Turnhout, 2013), pp. 41–58
 
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