Bibliography
Bibliographical abbreviations
ADEE = Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology
AEW = Holthausen, Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
AND = Anglo-Norman Dictionary
Anderson = Anderson ed., Cleanness
AndPat = Anderson ed., Patience
AW = Andrew and Waldron eds., The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript
Bammesberger = Bammesberger, Die Morphologie des urgermanischen Nomens
Barron = Barron, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Bateson = Bateson, Patience: a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century
Bense = Bense, A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary
Bj. = Björkman, Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English
Bj-L. = Bjorvand and Lindeman, Våre Arveord: Etymologisk Ordbok
Borroff = Borroff and Howes eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Boutkan/Siebinga = Boutkan and Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary
Br-N. = Brøndum-Nielsen, Gammeldansk grammatik i sproghistorisk fremstilling
BT = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, ed. Bosworth and Toller
BTS = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Supplement, ed. Toller and Campbell
BTSC = An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Supplement, ed. Campbell
Burrow = Burrow ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
CA = Cawley and Anderson eds., Pearl, Cleanness, Patience and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Campbell = Campbell, Old English Grammar
CDEPN = Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names
CH = Clark Hall, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
CV = Cleasby-Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary
Dance = Dance, Words Derived from Old Norse in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Etymological Survey
DEAF = Dictionnaire étymologique de l’ancien français
DEPN = Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names
DMF = Dictionnaire de moyen français, version 2010
DMLBS = Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources
DP = Björkman, ‘Zur dialektischen Provenienz der nordischen Lehnwörter im Englischen’
DOE = Dictionary of Old English
DOST = Craigie and Aitkins eds., A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
EDD = The English Dialect Dictionary, ed. Wright
eDIL = Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
EETS = Early English Text Society (o.s. = original series, s.s. = supplementary series)
EVG = Gordon ed., Pearl
EPNE = Smith, English Place-Name Elements
EPNS = English Place-Name Society
Falk-Torp = Falk and Torp, Norwegisch-dänisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
FEW = Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (where FEW: Germanismes = appendix of words of Gmc origin)
GED = Lehmann, A Gothic Etymological Dictionary
GDS = Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, ed. Gollancz with Day and Serjeantson
Goll = Gollancz ed., Pearl
GollCl = Gollancz ed., Cleanness
GollErk = Gollancz ed., St Erkenwald
GollPat = Gollancz ed., Patience, 2nd edn.
Gordon = Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse, 2nd ed. rev. Taylor
GPC = Bevan et al (eds.), Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (online ed.)
Fritzner = Fritzner, Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog
Heid. = Heidermanns, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive
Hellquist = Svensk Etymologisk Ordbok
Heusler = Heusler, Altisländisches Elementarbuch
Hofmann = Hofmann, Nordisch-Englische Lehnbeziehungen der Wikingerzeit
Hogg = Hogg, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 1
Hogg-Fulk = Hogg and Fulk, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 2
HTOED = The Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary
Jakobsen = Jakobsen, An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland
Jóh. = Alexander Jóhannesson, Isländisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
Jones = Jones ed., Sir Gawain and the Grene Gome
Jordan-Crook = Jordan, Handbook of Middle English Grammar: Phonology, trans. and rev. Crook
Ker = Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon
Kluge-Seebold = Seebold, ed., Kluge, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 23rd edn.
Krahe-Meid = Krahe and Meid, Germanische Sprachwissenschaft
Kroonen = Kroonen, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic
LAEME = A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English
LALME = A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English
lFT = La Farge and Tucker, Glossary to the Poetic Edda
LEIA = Vendryes, Bachellery and Lambert eds., Lexique étymologique de l’irlandais ancien
Lloyd and Lühr = Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, ed. Lloyd, Lühr and Springer
LP = Finnur Jónsson, Lexicon Poeticum
Luick = Luick, Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache
MacBain = MacBain, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
Madden = Madden ed., Sir Gawayne
Mag. = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon, Íslensk Orðsifjabók
Matasović = Matasović, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
McGee = McGee, ‘The Geographical Distribution of Scandinavian Loan-Words in Middle English, with Special Reference to the Alliterative Poetry’
McGillivray = McGillivray et al. eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
McL = McLaughlin, Graphemic-Phonemic Study
MED = Middle English Dictionary
M(G) = Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, ed. Morris, rev. Gollancz (1897; rev. ed. 1912)
Miller = Miller, External Influences on English
Moorman = Moorman, The Works of the Gawain-poet
Morris = Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, ed. Morris (1864; 2nd ed. 1869)
Nielsen = Nielsen, Dansk Etymologisk Ordbog
Noreen = Noreen, Altnordische Grammatik I: altisländische und altnorwegische Grammatik
ODEE = The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
OED = Oxford English Dictionary (OED2 = the 2nd ed.; OED3 = the ongoing revised 3rd ed., newly updated entries)
Olsen = Olsen, ed., Cleanness in McGillivray
ONP = Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog / A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose
Orel = Orel, A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
Peters = Peters, ‘Zum skandinavischen Lehngut im Altenglischen’
Peterson = Peterson ed., Saint Erkenwald
Pokorny = Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
PS = Putter and Stokes eds., The Works of the Gawain Poet
Rynell = Rynell, The Rivalry of Scandinavian and Native Synonyms in Middle English
Seebold = Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben
Silverstein = Silverstein ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Sisam = Sisam, Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose
Skeat = WA The Wars of Alexander: An Alliterative Romance, ed. Skeat
SPS = Pons-Sanz, The Lexical Effects of Anglo-Scandinavian Linguistic Contact on Old English
Stratmann-Bradley = Stratmann and Bradley, eds., A Middle English Dictionary
Tamm = Tamm, Etymologisk svensk ordbok
Thorson = Thorson, Anglo-Norse Studies
TG = Tolkien and Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
TGD = Tolkien and Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, rev. Davis
Torp-Falk = Torp, Wortschatz der germanischen Spracheinheit, unter Mitwirkung von Hjalmar Falk
Torp NnEO = Torp, Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok
TOE = A Thesaurus of Old English
TPD = The Wars of Alexander, ed. Duggan and Turville-Petre
Vant = Vantuono ed., The Pearl Poems
VEPN = Vocabulary of English Place-Names
de Vries = de Vries, Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
de Vries/de Tollenaere = de Vries and de Tollenaere, Etymologisch Woordenboek
WAWN = Holthausen, Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altwestnordischen
Winny = Winny ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Zoëga = Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic
Editions
Anderson, J. J. ed., Patience, Old and Middle English Texts (Manchester, 1969)
Anderson, J. J. ed., Cleanness, Old and Middle English Texts (Manchester, 1977)
Andrew, M. and R. Waldron eds., The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript (Exeter, 2007)
Barron, W. R. J. ed. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Manchester, 1974)
Bateson, H. ed., Patience: a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century, 2nd ed. (Manchester, 1918)
Brook, G. L. ed., The Harley Lyrics: The Middle English Lyrics of Ms. Harley 2253, Old and Middle English Texts, 4th ed. (Manchester, 1968)
Burrow, J. A. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Harmondsworth, 1972)
Cawley, A. C. and J. J. Anderson eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience (London, 1991)
Chaucer, G., The Riverside Chaucer ed. Benson, L. D. et al. (Boston, 1987)
Duggan, H. N. and T. Turville-Petre eds., The Wars of Alexander, EETS s.s. 10 (Oxford, 1989)
Fulk, R. D., R. E. Bjork and J. D. Niles eds., Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, 4th ed., Toronto Old English Series (Toronto, Buffalo and London, 2008)
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Cleanness (Oxford, 1921 [repr. 1974])
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Patience, 2nd ed. (London, 1924)
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, re-edited from MS. Cotton Nero, A. x, in the British Museum, with introductory essays by M. Day and M. S. Serjeantson, EETS o.s. 210 (London, 1940)
Gollancz, Sir I. ed., Pearl, an English poem of the XIVth century: ed., with modern rendering, together with Boccaccio's Olympia (London, 1921)
Gordon, E. V. ed., Pearl (Oxford, 1953)
Jones, R. T. ed., Sir Gawain and the Grene Gome: a regularized text prepared and introduced by R. T. Jones (Pietermaritzburg, 1960)
Madden, Sir F. ed., Syr Gawayne: A Collection of Ancient Romance-Poems, by Scottish and English Authors, Relating to that Celebrated Knight of the Round Table, with an Introduction, Notes, and a Glossary, The Bannatyne Club (London, 1839)
Maetzner, E., Altenglische Sprachproben, nebst einem Wörterbuche, 2 vols (Berlin, 1867–1900)
McGillivray, M. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, with help from E. Fahssi, D. Hyttenrauch and A. Taylor, Poems of London, British Library MS Cotton Nero A.x. (Part 3): A Critical Edition (Calgary, Alberta, 2016) (<http://gawain-ms.ca>)
Menner, R. J. ed., Purity: A Middle English Poem (New Haven, 1920 [repr. 1970])
Moorman, C., ed., The Works of the Gawain-Poet (Jackson, MS, 1977)
Morris, R. ed., Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century, copied and edited from a unique manuscript in the Library of the British Museum, EETS o.s. 1 (London, 1864; rev. ed. 1869)
Morris, R. ed., Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight: An Alliterative Romance Poem (ab. 1360 A.D.), by the author of ‘Early English Alliterative Poems’, re-edited from Cotton. MS. Nero, A. x, in the British Museum, EETS o.s. 4 (London, 1864; rev. ed. 1869)
Morris, R. ed., Gollancz, Sir I. rev., Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight: by the author of Early English alliterative poems; re-edited from Cotton, MS. Nero, A, x., in the British Museum, EETS o.s. 4 (London, 1897; rev. ed. 1912)
Peterson, C. ed., St Erkenwald (Philadelphia, 1977)
Putter, A. and M. Stokes eds., The Works of the Gawain Poet: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Penguin Classics (London, 2014)
Savage, H. L. ed., St. Erkenwald, a Middle English Poem, Edited with Introduction, Notes, and Glossary (New Haven and London, 1926)
Silverstein, T. ed., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A New Critical Edition (Chicago and London, 1974)
Sisam, K. ed., Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose (Oxford, 1921)
Skeat, W. W. ed., The Wars of Alexander: an alliterative romance (London, 1886)
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Oxford, 1925)
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 2nd ed. rev. N. Davis (Oxford, 1967)
Vantuono, W. ed., The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition, The Renaissance Imagination 5 (New York, 1984)
Winny, J. ed. and trans., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Peterborough, Ont., 1992)
Wright, T. ed., Political poems and songs relating to English history: composed during the period from the accession of Edw. III. to that of Ric. III, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores 14, 2 vols (London 1859–61)
Dictionaries and reference works
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Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon, Íslensk Orðsifjabók (Reykjavík, 1989)
Baldinger, K., F. Möhren and T. Städtler eds., Dictionnaire étymologique de l’ancien français (Tübingen, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1971–); <http://www.deaf-page.de/index.php>
Bammesberger, A., Die Morphologie des urgermanischen Nomens (Heidelberg, 1990)
Bense, J. F., A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary (London, 1926–9)
Bevan, G A., P. J. Donovan and A. Hawke, eds., Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru; A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, 2nd ed. (Cardiff, 2003–); <http://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html>
Bjorvand, H. and F. O. Lindeman, Våre Arveord: Etymologisk Ordbok, rev. ed. (Oslo, 2007)
Boutkan, D. and S. M. Siebinga, Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden, 2005)
Cameron, A., A. C. Amos, A diP. Healey et al eds., Dictionary of Old English: A–I Online (Toronto, 2018); <https://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doe/>
Campbell, A., Old English Grammar (Oxford, 1959)
Campbell, A., An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of Joseph Bosworth, Enlarged Addenda and Corrigenda to the Supplement (London, 1972)
Cleasby, R., An Icelandic-English Dictionary, instigated by Richard Cleasby, subsequently revised, enlarged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson, 2nd ed. with a supplement by Sir W. A. Craigie (Oxford, 1957)
Craigie, W. A. and A. J. Aitkins eds., A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century to the End of the Seventeenth, 12 vols (Chicago and Oxford, 1931–2002); <http://www.dsl.ac.uk/>
Degnbol, H. et. al. eds., Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog / A Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (Copenhagen, 1989–); access to slips and draft entries at <http://onp.ku.dk/>
Ekwall, E., The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Oxford, 1936)
Falk, H. and A. Torp, Norwegisch-dänisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Germanische Bibliothek 1, 2nd ed., 2 vols (Heidelberg, 1960)
Geir Tómasson Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic (Toronto, 2004)
Gordon, E. V. T, rev. A. R. Taylor, An Introduction to Old Norse (Oxford and New York, 1957)
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Hall, J. R. Clark, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 4th ed., rev. H. D. Meritt (Cambridge, 1960)
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Heidermanns, F., Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive, Studia Linguistica Germanica 33 (Berlin, 1993)
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Hogg, R. M., A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 1: Phonology (Oxford, 1992)
Hogg, R.M. and R. D. Fulk, A Grammar of Old English, Vol. 2 (Chichester, 2011)
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