broþe

adj.

Gaw *braþ

'angry, fierce, grim'

(Modern English )

Etymology

cp. OIcel bráðr ‘immediate, sudden, harsh, fierce, rash’ < PGmc *brēða- or *brēþa-.  While there are no cognate adjectival forms beyond ON, the word has very plausibly been connected to the v. represented by OE brǣdan, OHG brātan, etc., ‘to roast, fry’, but there are probably related stems without Verner's Law voicing as well (cp. OE brǣð ‘breath’, OHG brādam ‘heat’ next to OE brōd, OHG bruot ‘heat, brood, breeding’).  The vocalism is therefore a good test of loan, but the medial fricative is not reliable evidence of ON origin.

PGmc Ancestor

*brēða- or *brēþa-

Proposed ON Etymon (OIcel representative)

bráðr ‘immediate, sudden, harsh, fierce, rash'
(ONP bráðr (adj.))

Other Scandinavian Reflexes

Far bráður, Icel bráður, Norw bråd, Dan brad, Sw bråd

OE Cognate

cp. brǣdan (v.)  ‘to roast, fry’, brǣð (n.) ‘breath, odour, exhalation (etc.)’

Phonological and morphological markers

ON /ɑ:/ &lt; PGmc */e:/ (1)

[ON fricative /ð/ < PGmc */ð/] (may not be applicable)

Summary category

A1c

Attestation

Recorded in ME from Orrm and confined almost entirely to texts from N and E.

Occurrences in the Gersum Corpus

Gaw 1909, 2233; Cl 149, 1409

Gaw 1909 *braþ is emended from ms bray by most editors.

Bibliography

MED brōth (adj. and n.) , OED brath, braith (adj.) , broth, brothe (adj.) , HTOED , HTOED , Dance broþe, Bj. 88-9, 162, de Vries bráðr, Mag. bráður, Bj-L. brå, Heid. brǣda, Orel *ƀrēðaz