v. (st. (and wk.))
Gaw past ran, runnen,pres. ptcp. rennande, pp. runnen, Pe past ran, pp. runne(n); Cl pres. 3 pl. rennen, past sg. ran, past pl. runnen, ran; Pat pres. 3 sg. renes, past 3 sg. ran; Erk past pl. ronnen; WA ryn, ren, pres. 3 sg. rynnys, rynnes, pres. pl. rynnes, rynnyn, pres. ptcp. rynand, past sg. ran
‘to run, slide, flow, rush (in a torrent); be current; move or change in time, continue; mount up’ (Modern English run)
PGmc Ancestor
*rennan-, *rannjan-
Proposed ON Etymon (OIcel representative)
rinna 'to run'; renna 'to (make) run'
(ONP renna (2) and (3) (vb.))
Other Scandinavian Reflexes
Far renna, Icel renna, Norw renna, Dan rinde, Sw rinna; Far renna, Icel renna, Norw renna, ODan rænnæ, Dan rende, Sw ränna
OE Cognate
irnan 'to run', ærnan 'to (make) run'
Phonological and morphological markers
[
absence of metathesis
] (possibly diagnostic)Summary category
C2c
A few non-metathesized forms occur in OE and in the early ME of the SWM (e.g. <rinneð> in c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)), but they first become numerous in N and E ME (thus e.g. a1300(a1250) Bestiary (Arun 292); albeit Orrm has e(o)rnenn beside rann); they are widespread by the later 14c. (inc. renn- in Chaucer and Gower). See also LALME dot map 1060.
Occurrences in the Gersum Corpus
Gaw 66, 310, 731, etc., Pe 26, 523, 646; Cl 391, 527, 797 etc.; Pat 52, 378, 514; Erk 62; WA 1323, 1352, 1513 etc.
MS <runnen> at Pe 26 is usually emended to runne for the sake of the rhyme (so Goll, EVG, AW etc.) and Vant (see 26n) also maintains the possibility it represents a scribal error although me prints the MS reading. On the phrase to ryde oþer to renne, see AndPat 52n.