adv.
‘fiercely’ (Modern English runish)
PGmc Ancestor
(1) ?*hrewwa-; (2) *rūnō; (3) *xreun-
Proposed ON Etymon (OIcel representative)
(1) hrjónn 'rough'; (3) hrynja ‘to fall to ruin, tumble down; (metaph.) to stream, float (of garments); to stream, pour down (of fluids)’
(ONP (3) hrynja (vb.))
Other Scandinavian Reflexes
(1) Icel hrjón, Norw rjone, rjøne; (3) Icel hrynja, Norw rynja, OSw rynja, Sw dial ryni
OE Cognate
(1) hrēoh, hrēow (adj.) 'rough, fierce, wild, angry; disturbed, troubled, sad; stormy tempestuous'; (2) rūn (n.) 'mystery, secrecy, secret; councel, consultation; (secret) council' and 'runic character, letter; writing'
Phonological and morphological markers
Summary category
DD1c
Only recorded by MED in Gaw and Pat.
Occurrences in the Gersum Corpus
Gaw 304, *432; Pat 191
Gaw 432 MS <ruyschly> is emended by almost all editors since Madden, and it is regarded as a clear scribal error by Knott 1915: 104. The only exception is Vantuono (n.), who (implausibly) tries to associate it with PDE rush.