Showing 101 to 150 of 967 lexemes.

Lexeme Part of Speech Modern English Form Sense ON Etymon Summary Category PGmc Ancestor Other Scandinavian reflexes Occurrences  
crokeʒ n. crook

‘sickles’

krókr ‘hook, anything crooked’

BB2b

?*krōk-

Far krókur, Icel krókur, Norw krôk, Dan krog, Sw krok

Pe 40

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clypper n.

‘shearer’

klippa (v.) 'to clip'

B2c

?*klipp-

Far klippa, Norw klippa, Dan klippe, Sw klippa, Sw dial klöppa, Shetl klipp

Pe 802

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serlepes adj., adv.

‘separately, in turn; single, individual'

sér 3 pers. sg. reflex. pron. (dat.)

A2c

*sē-z

Far sær, Icel sér, Norw sêr, Dan sær, I sær, runic Sw saʀ, Sw i sär

Gaw 501; Pe 994

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semly adj., n. seemly

‘seemly, fitting; comely, fair’

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’; cp. sœmiligr ‘becoming’ 

C1a

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 83, 348, 672, etc.; Pe 34, 45, 789; Cl 209, 262, 816 etc.; Erk 84; WA 238, 1281, 2003 etc.

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seme adj., adv. seem

‘seemly, fair, excellent; becomingly, fairly'

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’

C1ac

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 1085; Pe 190, 1115; Cl 549, 1810

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helde adv.

‘readily, likely’

heldr ‘more, rather; very; but, on the contrary; soonest, especially’

C1c

*xalð-iz-

Far heldur, Icel heldri, heldur, Norw helder, Dan heller(e), Sw heller, hellre

Pe 1193

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gayn adv.

‘promptly’

gegn ‘straight, direct, ready, serviceable, kindly’

A1*c

*gagni- 

Icel gegn, Norw gjegn, ODan gjen, Dan dial gjen, Sw dial gen

Gaw 1621

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stad adj., v. stead

‘placed; put down (in writing); present; standing there’

staddr ‘placed, present’ 

A1*c

*staðaða-

Icel steðja, Norw steda, stede, Dan stede, Sw städa, städja

Gaw 33, 644, 2137;  Cl 90, 806, 983, etc.; Erk 274; WA 465, 499

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bigly adv. bigly

‘mightily, strongly, firmly’

byggva (byggja) 'to settle, inhabit'

D1c

(1)*big-; (2) *bug- or *bugg-

(1) Far byggja, Icel byggja, Norw byggja, Dan bygge, Sw bygga; (2) Norw dial bugge, bugga

Gaw 1141, 1162, 1584; Pat 321; WA 423, 1138, 1371

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ʒayned v. yain

‘met, greeted’

gegna ‘to meet, pay, discharge, be fitting, signify’

CCC3a

*gagnjan-

Far gegna, Icel gegna, Norw gjegna, Dan gjenne, Sw dial gena

Gaw 1724

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tayt adj.

‘merry, lively, agreeable; vigorous, well-grown’

teitr ‘glad, cheerful’

A1*c

*taita-

Far teitur, Icel teitur, runic Norw tAitʀ

Gaw 988, 1377; Cl 871

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mekeness n. meekness

‘meekness, humility’

mjúkr ‘soft, agile; meek, mild’

B1

*meuk-

Far mjúkr, Icel mjúkr, Norw mjuk, Dan myg, Sw mjuk

Pe 406; Pat 15, 32; WA 3286

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felaʒschyp n. fellowship

‘love of fellow men; company; couple’

félagi ‘partner, shareholder, fellow, comrade; partner, consort’

C4

*fexu + *lag- + *skapi-z

Far felag, felagi, Icel félag, Norw felag, ODan felge, Dan fællig, fælle, OSw fælagh

Gaw 652, 2151; Cl 271, 1764

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louyly adj.

‘lawful’

lǫg (pl.) ‘law; law community, law-district’

C3d

*lag-

Far lóg, Icel lög, Norw log, Dan lov, Sw lag

Pe 565

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grome n. groom

‘lackey, servant; man’

?grómr ‘man’

DD1

(1) *grem- (gram-, grum-); (3) *grō-

Far gróma, grómutur, Icel gróm

Gaw 1006, 1127 

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wont n. want

‘lack (of good things)’

 vanr (adj.) ‘lacking, wanting’

C1

*wan-

Icel vanur

Gaw 131

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vnbene adj. unbene

‘inhospitable, dreary’

beinn 'straight, direct; hospitable, helpful, accommodating'

DD1c

(1)*baina-; (3) *bōni-

Far beinur, Icel beinn, Norw bein

Gaw 710

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angardez adj., n. angard

‘i.e. excessive, arrogant’

ágjarn ‘covetous, greedy; ambitious; pugnacious, belligerent, eager to fight’; gort ‘bragging’; gera, gør(v)a ‘to make, do’

FCCC3c

Icel gjarn, Sw dial gärnt; Far ger-, Icel ger, ODan gør, Dan gør-, OSw gor, gör

Gaw 681

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mekely adv. meekly

‘humbly, briskly; compassionately, graciously’

mjúkr ‘soft, agile; meek, mild’, cp. mjúkliga 'softly, tenderly'

B1

*meuk-

Far mjúkr, Icel mjúkr, Norw mjuk, Dan myg, Sw mjuk

Gaw 756, Cl 783; WA 816, 1686, 1947 etc.

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þroly adv. throly, thraly

‘heartily, urgently, violently’

þrár ‘stubborn, obstinate’, cp. þráliga 'obstinately'

A1c

*þrawa-

Far tráur, Icel þrár, Norw trå, ODan trå, Sw dial trå(r) 

Gaw 929; Cl 180, 504; WA 371, 707, 2090

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tor adj.

‘hard, difficult’

tor- ‘difficult, hard’

CC5ac

*tor-

Far tor-, Icel tor-, Norw tor-, Sw dial tor-

Gaw 165, 719; Pe 1109; WA 5500

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outsprent v. sprent

‘gushed forth’

(1) spretta ‘to make spring up, unloose; rip up’

DD1c

(1) *sprant-jan-; (2) *sprang-jan-

(1) Far spretta, Icel spretta, Norw spretta, Dan sprætte, Sw sprätta

Pe 1137

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vgly adj. ugly

‘gruesome, threatening, evil-looking’

uggligr ‘to be feared’

B1c

Icel uggð, Norw ugg, Sw dial ugg, ygg

Gaw 441, 2079, 2190; Cl 892

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skayned v.

‘grazed’

skeina ‘to scratch, wound slightly’

A1

*skainjan-

Far skeina, Icel skeina, Norw skeina, skjene, Sw dial skäin'

Gaw 2167

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hondeselle n. handsel, hansel

‘gift (at New Year)’

hand(s)-sal (neut.), ‘the transference of a right, bargain, duty to another by joining hands’

CC4

*xanðuz + *saljan-

Icel handsal, OSw handsal

Gaw 66, 491 

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meke adj., n. meek

‘gentle, submissive, merciful, humble’

mjúkr ‘soft, agile; meek, mild’

B1

*meuk-

Far mjúkr, Icel mjúkr, Norw mjuk, Dan myg, Sw mjuk

Pe 404, 815, 832, etc.; Cl 771, 776, 815; Erk 250; WA 1747

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forlondez n. foreland

‘forelands, promontories’/‘low-lying lands’

forlendi ‘the land between the hills and sea’

CC3

*fur(a) + *lanðan 

Gaw 699

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freles adj.

‘flawless’

frýjulauss 'blameless'

DD1c

Pe 431

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gryndelly adv. grindel

‘fiercely, wrathfully’

(1) grindill 'destroyer'; (2) grim(m)ð ‘vehemence, malice, ferocity, fierceness, violence’

DD1c

(1) *grend-; (2) *gremmiþō

Far grimd, Icel grimmd

Gaw 2299

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withalle adv. withal

‘entirely, altogether’

cp. með ǫllu ‘altogether, quite’ 

CCC3

*wiþra

Far við, viður-, Icel við, Norw ved, ODan withær, with, Dan ved, veder-, Sw vid, veder-

Gaw 106, 1926

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þro adv. thro, thra

‘earnestly, heartily, eagerly, swiftly, violently’

þrár ‘stubborn, obstinate’ 

A1c

*þrawa-

Far tráur, Icel þrár, Norw trå, ODan trå, Sw dial trå(r) 

Gaw 1021, 1867, 1946; Cl 220, 590, 1805

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glam n. glam

‘din, noise of merrymaking, uproar, speech’

glamm  ‘noise, tinkling sound’ 

BB1c

?*ga-xlam-, ?*glam

Icel glam, glamm, Norw glam, Dan glam, OSw glam, Sw glam

Gaw 1426, 1652; Cl 499, 830, 849; Pat 63; WA 5504

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blo adj. blae

‘dark, dusky, livid, grey’

blár ‘blue, blue-black, black’

A1*

*ƀlēwa-

Far bláur, Icel blár, Norw blå, Dan blå, Sw blå

Pe 83, 875; Cl 1017; Pat 134, 138, 221; Erk 290; WA 559

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sleʒt n. sleight

‘cunning, skill; device, stratagem; act of practised skill’

slægð ‘slyness, cunning’

C1

*slōg-

Icel slægð, Norw sløgd, OSw slöghþ, Sw slögjd

Gaw 916, 1542, 1854, etc., Cl 1289; Pat 130; WA 38, 334, 1022 etc.

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ʒeʒe v.

‘cry (as wares), cry (for), shout’

geyja ‘to bark; scoff at, blaspheme’

CCC1a

*gau-jan-

Far goyggja, Icel geyja, Norw gøya, Dan , Sw

Gaw 67, 1215; Cl 846

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menskly adv. menskly

‘courteously, worthily’

mennskr ‘human’

C2c

*manniska-

Far menskur, Icel mennskur, OSw mænsker

Gaw 1312, 1983

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steuen n. steven

‘command; appointment, meeting, tryst, appointed day'

stefna ‘direction, appointed meeting; summons, citation’

CC3b

*staƀnjōn 

Far stevna, Icel stefna, Norw stemne, ODan stævne, OSw stämma

Gaw 1060, 2008, 2194, etc.; Pe 188; Cl 360, 463, 706

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haspe n. hasp

‘clasp, i.e. door-pin’

hespa ‘wisp or skein of wool; hasp, fastening’

CCC2

*xasp-

Far hespa, Icel hespa, Norw hespe, hespa, Dan haspe, Sw hasp

Gaw 1233

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vmbe-kesten v.

‘cast about, search all around, circle'

kasta ‘to cast, throw’

A1c

*kas(a)tō(j)an- 

Far kasta, Icel kasta, Norw kasta, Dan kaste, Sw kasta

Gaw 1434; Cl 478

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ronez n. rone

‘bushes, brushwood’

(2) runnr ‘bush, grove’; (3) hraun ‘rough place, wilderness’ 

D1c

(1) *rain-; (2) *run-; (3) xraun-

(2) Far runnur, ruður, Icel runnur, Norw runn; (3) Far reyn, Icel hraun, Dan røn, Shetl røn(i)

Gaw 1466

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rokked v. rock

‘burnished, made clean by rolling under pressure’

(2) hrukka ‘wrinkle’ 

DD1

(1)*ruk(k)-; (2) *xrunkwōn

(1) ?Icel rokka, Norw rokke, Dan rokke, Sw dial rocka, rucka (2) Far rukka, Icel hrukka, Norw rukke, Dan rynke, OSw runkia, Sw rynka

Gaw 2018

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derf adj.

‘bold, audacious, doughty, stout; great, astonishing; grievous, severe’

djarfr ‘courageous, aggressive, dauntless; heedless, impudent’ 

C1ac

*derƀ- 

Far djarvur, Icel djarfur, Norw djerv, Dan djerv, Sw djärv

Gaw 558, 564, 1000, etc.; Cl 862; Pat 166; Erk 99; WA 1024, 1211, 1811, etc.

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bit n. bit

‘blade, cutting edge’

bit ‘biting, bit, wound after a bite, (insect) bite; grazing, pasture; (of a weapon) ability to bite/cut, sharpness’

CC3

 *ƀīt-

Far bit, Icel bit, Norw bit, ODan bid, Dan bid, Sw bett

Gaw 212, 426, 2224 etc.

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ruþes v. ruthe

‘bestir, rouse’

(1) ryðja ‘to clear, make room, strip; challenge’; (2) hryðja 'to clear; to challenge (legal); to throw, toss upon' 

D1c

(1) *ruð-; (2) *xruð- or *xruþ-

(1) Far ryðja, Icel ryðja, Norw rydja, Dan rydde, Sw rödja, röja; (2) Far ryðja, Icel hryðja

Gaw 1558; Cl 895, 1208

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semly adv. seemly

‘becomingly, excellently; pleasantly, sweetly’

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’; cp. sœmiliga ‘honourably, becomingly’ 

C1a

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 865, 882, 888, etc.; Cl 1442; Erk 35; WA 198, 281, 424

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vmbe-torne adv., v. umbe-

‘all around’

(F)CCC1c

*umƀi + 

?Dan omtrent; Norw trinn, ODan trynd, Sw trind 

Gaw 184

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þryuande adj., n. thriving

‘abundant, hearty, worthy’

þrífa-sk ‘to thrive’

B1c

*þrīfan-

Far tríva, trívast, Icel þrífa, þrívast, Norw triva, Dan trives, MSw thriva

Gaw 1980; Cl 751

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ʒol n. yule

'Yule, Christmas'

 jól 'Yule, Christmas'

CC2c

*jexwl- or *jegwl-

Far jól, Icel jól, Norw jôl, Dan jul, Sw jul

Gaw 284, 500

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wouen v. weave

'woven'

vefa 'to weave'

CCC1

*weƀan-

Far veva, Icel vefa, Norw veva, Dan væve, Sw väva

Gaw 2358

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worre adj., n. war, waur

'worse'

verri 'worse'

CC2ac

*werziz-

Far verri, Icel verri, Norw verre, Dan værre, Sw värre

Gaw 1588, 1591; Cl 719

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Etymology