Showing 1 to 50 of 967 lexemes.

Lexeme Part of Speech Modern English Form Sense ON Etymon Summary Category PGmc Ancestor Other Scandinavian reflexes Occurrences  
staf-ful adj. staff-full

'cram-full'

(2) stappa (v.) 'to stamp, stamp down; dray in a mortar'

D1c

(1) *staƀ-az; (2) *stamp-

(2) Norw stappfull; cp. Far stappa, Icel stappa, Norw stappa, ODan stappe

Gaw 494; WA 1543, 4897

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wyly adj. wily

'wily'

(4) vél (n.) ‘wile, device, trick’ 

DD1

(1) *wīl-; (2) wīgel-; (4) ?*wihl

(4) Far væl, Icel vél, Norw vēl, MSw väl

Gaw 1728, 1905

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raged adj., v. ragged (1) ‘ragged, shaggy’; (2) ‘hoar-frosted’ (1a) raggaðr 'provided with tufts, shaggy', rǫgg 'tuft, shagginess, strip of fur' D2 (1a) *raww-; (1b) *rag-; (2) *hrag- (1a) Icel raggaður, Norw ragget, raggad, OSw raggotter; Icel rögg, Norw ragg, ODan, OSw rag, Sw ragg; (2) Icel hragla, Sw dial ragg, ragga, Dan ræg, Dan dial (Jutlandic) rag Gaw 745; WA 5133 View
scholes adj., n. (1) shoeless; (2) soles

(1) (adj.) ‘shoeless’;  (2) (n. pl.) ‘shoes with long pointed toes’; (3) (n. pl.) ‘thin plates (part of the horse’s armour)’; (4) (n. pl.) ‘protections under and inside the thighs’; (5) (n. pl.) ‘supports covering the sole of the foot’.

(1) skólauss 'shoeless'; (4) skál ‘bowl, hollow; scales’

DD2

(1) *skōhaz; (3) *skullōn; (4) *skēl-

(1) Far skógvur, Icel skór, Norw sko, Dan sko, Sw sko; (3) Sw skolla; (4) Far skál, Icel skál, Norw skål, Dan skål, Sw skål

Gaw 160

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vphalt adj., v. uphold

(1) ‘lifted up’;  (2) ‘raised, i.e. high’

(2) halla ‘to lean, turn, sway, swerve’ (or hala 'pull')

DD2

(1) *xaldan-; (2) *xalþōjan- or *xalōjan-

(2) Far halla, Icel halla; Far hála, Icel hala, Norw hala, Dan hale

Gaw 2079

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wylyde adj. wild

(1a) ‘wild, i.e. licentious, amorous’, (1b) ‘cruel’ (~ werke ‘cruel act’);  (2) ‘choice’ (~ werke ‘choice handiwork’);  (3a) ‘guileful’ (~ werke ‘intrigue’), (3b) ‘skilful’

(2) vildr (vilðr) ‘chosen, choice, good’; (3) ?vél ‘wile, device, trick’

DD2

(1) *welþja-; (2) *wel-; (3) (1) *wīl-, wīgel- or ?*wihl-

(2) Icel vildur, ODan vildh, MSw vilder, Sw dial viller; (3) ?Far væl, Icel vél, Norw vēl, MSw väl

Gaw 2367

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heme adj., n. (1) heme; (2) hem

(1) (adj.) ‘suitable, neat’; (2) (n.) ‘hem, skirt’

(1) cp. heimolliga, heimulliga (later heimugliga) ‘privately, intimately; duly, with full title to possession’

DD2

(1) *xaimaz; (2) *xam(m)-

(1) cp. Icel heimileg(u)r, Norw heimeleg, Dan hemmelig, Sw heimlig

Gaw 157

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louyly adj.

‘lawful’

lǫg (pl.) ‘law; law community, law-district’

C3d

*lag-

Far lóg, Icel lög, Norw log, Dan lov, Sw lag

Pe 565

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meke adj., n. meek

‘gentle, submissive, merciful, humble’

mjúkr ‘soft, agile; meek, mild’

B1

*meuk-

Far mjúkr, Icel mjúkr, Norw mjuk, Dan myg, Sw mjuk

Pe 404, 815, 832, etc.; Cl 771, 776, 815; Erk 250; WA 1747

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syluerin adj. silver

‘silver’

silfr (n.) 'silver'

CC2

*siluƀra-

Far silvur, Icel silfur, Norw sylv, ODan sølfver, Dan sølv, Sw silver

Gaw 124, 886; Cl 1406; WA 1565

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bygly adj. bigly

 ‘inhabitable, pleasant’

byggiligr 'habitable'

A1*bc

*ƀewwjan- or *ƀuwwjan-

Pe 963

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blayke adj.

‘yellow’

bleikr ‘pale, wan, ?bleached’

A1*

*ƀlaika-

Far bleikur, Icel bleikur, Norw bleik, Dan bleg, Sw blek, Shetl bleg

Pe 27

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blo adj. blae

‘dark, dusky, livid, grey’

blár ‘blue, blue-black, black’

A1*

*ƀlēwa-

Far bláur, Icel blár, Norw blå, Dan blå, Sw blå

Pe 83, 875; Cl 1017; Pat 134, 138, 221; Erk 290; WA 559

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deuely adj. deavely

(1) ‘desolating, dreary’; (2) (*deruely) sudden

(1) daufligr ‘boring, dreary, eerie, sad’; (2) djarfliga (adv.) ‘bravely, boldy; rashly, precipitously’

D2

(1) dauƀ-; (2) *derƀ-

Pe 51

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dylle adj. dull

‘slow’

dul, dulr (n.) ‘delusion, concealment, disguise’; cp. dylja (v.) ‘to keep in ignorance, conceal’, údulðr ‘not unaware, knowing’

CCC5c

*dulj-

Far duli, dulur, Icel dul, Norw dul, OSw dul

Pe 680

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freles adj.

‘flawless’

frýjulauss 'blameless'

DD1c

Pe 431

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blunt adj. blunt

'stunned'
 

blunda (v.) 'to have one's eyes shut, doze'

DD1

Far blunda, Icel blunda, Norw blund(r)a, ODan blunde, Dan blunde, OSw blund(r)a

Pe 176

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homly adj. homely

'belonging to the household'

heimuligr 'private, belonging to the household'

CCC3a

*xaim-

Norw heimeleg, ODan hemmelig , hiemmelig, Dan hemmelig, OSw hemeliker , hemelikin , hemelig, Sw hemelig

Pe 1211

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saʒte adj., n. saught 'peace, at peace' sátt 'settlement, agreement, concord, peace', sætt 'reconciliation, agreement' B1c *saxtiz or *sanxtiz Far sætt, Icel sætt, Norw sætt Pe 52, 1201 View
slyʒt adj. slight

'slender'

sléttr 'plain, flat, even, smooth, level'

CC4c

*slixta-

Far slættur, Icel sléttur, Norw slett, ODan slæt, Dan slet, Sw slät, Sw dial sljett

Pe 190

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þrange adj., adv.

'oppressively, closely'

þrǫngr 'close, tight'

CC1c

*þrangwa-

Far. trongur, Icel. þröngur, Norw trong, Sw. trång, Dan. trang

Pe 17

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swangeande adj., v.

(1) 'swirling'; (2) 'pretty, pleasant' or 'slow'

(2) svangr 'slender, slim, thin'

DD2

(1) *swang-; (2) *swanga- or *swangra-

Far swangur, Icel swangur, Norw svang, Dan svang, Sw dial svång(er)

Pe 111

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nente adj. ninth 'ninth' niundi 'ninth' C2c *newunðō- or *newunþō- Norw niande, Dan niende, Sw nionde Pe 1012 View
bolled adj. 'decorated in relief, embossed' bolgna (v.) ‘to swell, bulge’ CC1c *belgan- Icel bólginn, Norw bolgen, Dan bullen, OSw bulghin, bulin Cl 1464 View
broþely adj.

'wild, vile'

bráðr ‘immediate, sudden, harsh, fierce, rash'; cp. bráðligr 'immediate, sudden, violent'

A1c

*brēða- or *brēþa-

Far bráður, Icel bráður, Norw bråd, Dan brad, Sw bråd

Cl 848, 1030

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ferlyle adj.

'marvellous'

 ferligr ‘monstrous’

DD1c

(1) *fēr-; (2) *fera; (3) *fer(e)r-

Cl 1460

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froþande adj.

'frothing, festering'

froða (n., fem.) ‘froth’; frauð (n., neut.) ‘froth’ 

C1

*fruþ- or *frauþ-

Far froða, froði, Icel froðe, Norw frode, froda, Dan fråde, Sw dial fruddo, frådas; Far froyður, Icel frauð, Norw fraud, Sw dial fraud, fröda, frau

Cl 1721

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gaynly adj. gainly

'gracious'

gegn ‘straight, direct, ready, serviceable, kindly’

A1*bc

*gagni-

Icel gegn, Norw gjegn, ODan gjen, Dan dial gjen, Sw dial gen

Cl 728; Pat 83

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vnhappen adj. cp. unheppen

'accursed'

heppinn ‘lucky’; cp. óheppinn 'unlucky'

CC1c

*xap(p)-

Far heppin, Icel heppinn, Norw heppen, Sw dial vanhäppen

Cl 573; Erk 198

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soerly adj., adv. (1) 'filthy, base'; (2) 'severally, individually' (1) saurligr (adj.) 'unclean'; (2) sér 3 pers. sg. reflex. pron. (dat.), adv.; serliga (adv.) 'apart, particularly' D2 (1) *saur-; (2) *sē-z (1) Far seyrur, Icel saur, Norw saur, ODan sør, OSw sör-, Sw dial sör; (2) Far sær, Icel sér, Norw sêr, Dan sær, i sær, runic Sw saʀ, Sw i sär (1) Cl 117; (2) Cl 117; Pat 193 View
sour adj. (1) sour

'bitter, acid, vile'

(2) saurr (n.) 'mud, dirt', saurigr (adj.) 'filthy, dirty'

DD2

(1) *sūraz; (2) *saur-

(2) Far seyrur, Icel saur, Norw saur, ODan sør, OSw sör-, Sw dial sör

Cl 192, 1036

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trysty adj. 'true, faithful; true men' traustr ‘trusty, sure, firm, strong, safe’; traust ‘trust, protection, shelter’ BBB2 *trust- or *traust- Far treystur, Icel traustur, Norw traust, ODan trøst, MSw tröster; Far treyst, Icel traust, Norw traust, Dan trøst, Sw tröst Pe *460; Cl 763 View
*aucly adj., n.

'amiss, blemish'

ǫfugr 'backwards, turned the wrong way'

D1ac

*aƀug-

Far øvugurøvigur, Icel öfugur, Norw ovug, avug, Dan avet, Sw avig, avog

Cl 795

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autly adj., adv.

(1) 'courageously, manfully'; (2) 'lacking'

(2) auðr 'empty, void, desolate'

DD2

(1) *aiwin + *wextiz; (2) *auþaz

(2) Far eyður, Icel auður, Norw aud

Cl 795

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balteres adj., v. balter

'roll around; hobble'

B2c

*balt- ( ~ *bult-)

Norw dial bolta, baltra, Sw bulta, bultra, ODan bolte, Dan baltre, boltre

Cl 103; Pat 459

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bounet adj., v.

'prepare, place, present'

búinn ‘ready, prepared, finished, willing, favourably disposed (towards sth.)’

C3c

*bō(w)an or *bū(w)an-

Cl 1398; WA 218, 768, 1116 etc.

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campe adj.

'rough'

kampr 'beard, moustache'

C1

*kan(i)paz

Far kampur, Icel kampur, Norw kamp

Cl 1695

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merk adj., n. murk

'dark, obscure, darkness'

myrkr 'dark, murky', cp. myrkr 'darkness'

CCC2ac

*merkwa-

Far myrkur, Icel myrkur, Norw myrk, Dan mørk, Sw mörk

Cl 894, 1617; Pat 291; WA 374, 2042, 3851 etc.

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ratted adj., v.

'ragged'

cp. hrati (n.) 'rubbish, trash'

D1

Icel hrati, Norw rate, Sw dial rata
 

Cl 144

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roþum adj., n. (2) rotten

(1) 'redness'; (2) 'rottenness'

(1a) roðna (v.) 'redden'; (1b) roþmi (n.) 'redness'; (2) rotinn (adj.) 'rotten'

D2

(1) *rod-; (2) *rut-

(1a) Far rodna, Icel roðna, Norw rodna, Sw rodna, Sw dial rudna; (1b) Dan rødme, OSw rodme, rudhme; (2) Far rotin, Icel rotinn, Norw roten, Dan rådden, Sw rutten, Sw dial rotin

Cl 1009

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*scrof adj.

'rough'

A1*c

*skurfa-

Icel skurfur, Norw skurv, ODan skurf, Dan skurv, Sw skorv

Cl 1546

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skyg adj.

?'particular'


 

D1c

?*skewwa-

cp. Norw dial skegg, Sw dial skegg

Cl 21

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spakest adj., n. spack

 'cleverest (one)'

spakr (adj.) 'gentle, wise'

B1

Far spakur, Icel spakur, Norw spak, ODan spak, Dan spag, OSw skaper, Sw spak

Pat 169

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aghlich adj., adv. awly 'terrible' agi ‘dread, awe; discipline; enmity’ C1 *ag- Far agi, Icel agi, Norw age, Dan ave, OSw aghi, Sw aga Gaw 136; Cl 874, 937 View
aʒlez adj. aweless, awless 'without fear' agi ‘dread, awe; discipline; enmity’; cp. agalauss ‘peaceful’ C1 *ag- Far agi, Icel agi, Norw age, Dan ave, OSw aghi, Sw aga Gaw 2335 View
derf adj.

‘bold, audacious, doughty, stout; great, astonishing; grievous, severe’

djarfr ‘courageous, aggressive, dauntless; heedless, impudent’ 

C1ac

*derƀ- 

Far djarvur, Icel djarfur, Norw djerv, Dan djerv, Sw djärv

Gaw 558, 564, 1000, etc.; Cl 862; Pat 166; Erk 99; WA 1024, 1211, 1811, etc.

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happen adj. cp. heppen 'fortunate, blessed' heppinn ‘lucky’ CC1c *xap(p)-  Far heppin, Icel heppinn, Norw heppen, Sw dial vanhäppen Gaw 56; Pat 13, 15, 17, etc. View
vplyften adj., v. uplift

'to lift, rise, uplift (in prayer)'

lyfta ‘to lift, raise’

C1a

*luftjan-

Far lyfta, Icel lyfta, Norw lyfta, Dan løfte, Sw lyfta; cp. MDan uplyfte, MSw uplyfa

Gaw 505; Cl 987; WA 805

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mynne adj.

'less'

minni ‘lesser, smaller’

C1ac

*minnizan- 

Far minni, Icel minni, Norw mindre, Dan mindre, Sw mindre

Gaw 1881

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seme adj., adv. seem

‘seemly, fair, excellent; becomingly, fairly'

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’

C1ac

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 1085; Pe 190, 1115; Cl 549, 1810

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Etymology