Showing 1 to 50 of 967 lexemes.
Lexeme | Part of Speech | Modern English Form | Sense | ON Etymon | Summary Category | PGmc Ancestor | Other Scandinavian reflexes | Occurrences | |
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irked | v. | irk | ‘wearied, irked (impers.)’ | yrkja ‘to work, till, cultivate; make verses, compose; (reflex.) take effect’ | DD1c | (1) *wurkjan- | runic Norw worahto, orte, runic Dan w[u]r[t]a, runic Sw wurte, urti, Far yrkja, Icel yrkja, Norw yrkja, Dan dial. ørke, OSw yrkia, Sw yrka | Gaw 1573 | View |
raþeled | v. | rathel | ?'entwined' |
(2) raða ‘to set in order’ |
DD1c | (2) Far raða, Icel raða, Norw rada, Sw rada |
Gaw 2294 |
View | |
rokked | v. | rock | ‘burnished, made clean by rolling under pressure’ |
(2) hrukka ‘wrinkle’ |
DD1 | (1)*ruk(k)-; (2) *xrunkwōn |
(1) ?Icel rokka, Norw rokke, Dan rokke, Sw dial rocka, rucka (2) Far rukka, Icel hrukka, Norw rukke, Dan rynke, OSw runkia, Sw rynka |
Gaw 2018 |
View |
ruþes | v. | ruthe | ‘bestir, rouse’ |
(1) ryðja ‘to clear, make room, strip; challenge’; (2) hryðja 'to clear; to challenge (legal); to throw, toss upon' |
D1c | (1) *ruð-; (2) *xruð- or *xruþ- |
(1) Far ryðja, Icel ryðja, Norw rydja, Dan rydde, Sw rödja, röja; (2) Far ryðja, Icel hryðja |
Gaw 1558; Cl 895, 1208 |
View |
snitered | v. | snitter | ?‘came shivering down’ |
(2) cp. snið (n.) ‘slice’ |
DD1c | (2) *snitt- |
(1) Norw dial snitra; (2) Far snið, Icel snið, Norw snid, ODan snid, sned, MSw snidh, Sw dial sned |
Gaw 2003 |
View |
sprit | v. | sprit | ‘sprang, started’ |
(3) spretta ‘to make spring up, unloose; rip up’; (4) sprita ‘to sprawl |
DD1c | (2) *sprutjan-; (3) *sprantjan-; (4) *sprīð- |
(3) Far spretta, Icel spretta, Norw spretta, Dan sprætte, Sw spritta, sprätta, Sw dial sprinta; (4) Far sprita, Icel sprita, Norw sprita |
Gaw 2316 |
View |
stayned | v. | stain | 'coloured' |
(2) steina 'to stain, colour, paint' |
D1 | (2) *stain- |
Far steina, Icel steina, Norw steina, Dan stene, OSw stena |
Gaw 170 |
View |
taysed | v. | teise | 'harassed, driven' |
D1c | (1a) *taisjan-; (2) *taisjan- |
(2) Dan dial tǣse, tēse, Sw dial tēsa |
Gaw 1169 |
View | |
trantes | v. | trant | 'practices cunning, dodges' |
DD1c | (1) *trand-; (3) *tranata- |
(2) Dan dial trante, Sw dial tranta; (3) Icel tranta, Norw tranta |
Gaw 1707 |
View | |
wapped | v. | wap | 'rushed, blew (in gusts), flung' | vappa ‘to waddle’ | DD1c | (1) *wap- | (1) Far vappa, Icel vappa, Dan dial vappe, Sw dial vapp | Gaw 1161, 2004; Cl 882; WA 2226 | View |
atwappe | v. | atwape, atwappe | 'escaped' |
vappa ‘to waddle’ |
DD1c | (1) *wap- |
(1) Far vappa, Icel vappa, Dan dial vappe, Sw dial vapp |
Gaw 1167; Cl 1205 |
View |
biwyled | v. | 'deluded' |
(4) vél (n.) ‘wile, device, trick’, cp. véla ‘to defraud, trick’ |
DD1 | (1) *wīl-; (2) wīgel-; (4) ?*wihl |
(4) Far væl, Icel vél, Norw vēl, MSw väl |
Gaw 2425 |
View | |
byled | v. | (1) boil; (2) bellow; (3) boil | (1) ‘boiled, bubbled’; (2) ‘resounded’; (3) ‘swelled, rose’ |
(2) bylja ‘to resound, echo’ |
DD2 | (2) *buljan-; (3) *būljō- |
(2) Far bylgja, Icel bylgja, Norw bylgja, Dan bølge, Sw bölja |
Gaw 2082 |
View |
clambere | v. | clamber | (1) ‘to cluster’; (2) ‘to clamber’ |
(1) klambra ‘to clamp or pinch together’ |
DD2 | *klamb-r- |
(1) Far klombra, Icel klambra, Norw klemb(r)a |
Gaw 801, 1722 |
View |
costez | v. | coast | (1) ‘coasts, passes by the side of’; (2) ‘gives (full bright) quality to’; (3) ‘drives’ |
(2) kostr ‘condition, choice, opportunity (etc.)’; (3) kasta ‘to cast, throw’ |
DD2 | (2) *kustiz or *kustuz; (3) *kastō(j)an- |
(2) Far kostur, Icel kostur, Norw kost, ODan kost, OSw koster; (3) Far kasta, Icel kasta, Norw kasta, Dan kaste, Sw kasta |
Gaw 1696 |
View |
daylyeden | v. | dally | (1) ‘trifle, make (courtly) love; converse, contend, dispute’; (2) ‘bandy pleasantries’ |
(2) deila ‘to divide, apportion’ (etc.); ‘to contend, quarrel’ |
DD2 | (2) *dail- |
(2) Far deila, Icel deila, Norw deila, Sw dela |
Gaw 1114; Pe 313 |
View |
draueled | v. | dravel | (1) ‘muttered (in sleep)’; (2) ‘drawled’ |
(1a) drafl (n.) ‘nonsense, foolish talk/conduct’, cp. drafa ‘to mumble, say (something) indistinctly’, |
DD2 | (1) *draƀ-; (1b) *draƀil- or *draƀulō(j)an- |
(1a) Icel drafl, Dan dravel, Sw dravel; Icel drafla, Norw dravla |
Gaw 1750 |
View |
laucyng | n., v. | (1) lance; (2) loosing | (1) (forlancyng) ‘throwing out’ (pres. ptcp.); (2) (laucyng) ‘loosening’ (vbl. n.) |
(2) lauss (adj.) ‘loose, free (etc.)’ |
D2 | (2) *lausa- |
(2) Far leysur, Icel laus, Norw laus, Dan løs, Sw lös |
Gaw 1334 |
View |
neme | v. | (1) nim; (2) nemn | (1) (a) ‘took’ (pret. pl.), (b) ‘take’ (pres. pl.); (2) ‘name’ (pres. pl.; neme for, ‘name as’) |
(1) nema ‘to take’ |
DD2 | (1) *neman-; (2) *namnjan- |
(1) Far nema, Icel nema, Norw nema, ODan nimmæ, Dan nemme, OSw næma, nima, Sw dial nimma |
Gaw 1347 |
View |
raged | adj., v. | ragged | (1) ‘ragged, shaggy’; (2) ‘hoar-frosted’ | (1a) raggaðr 'provided with tufts, shaggy', rǫgg 'tuft, shagginess, strip of fur' | D2 | (1a) *raww-; (1b) *rag-; (2) *hrag- | (1a) Icel raggaður, Norw ragget, raggad, OSw raggotter; Icel rögg, Norw ragg, ODan, OSw rag, Sw ragg; (2) Icel hragla, Sw dial ragg, ragga, Dan ræg, Dan dial (Jutlandic) rag | Gaw 745; WA 5133 | View |
rykande | v. | ring | (1) ‘commanding’; (2) ‘noisy’; (3) (*raykande) ‘loud, strong’; (4) (*rynkande) ‘ringing’ |
(1) ríkja ‘to reign, rule’; (3) reika ‘to wander, take a walk, swagger’; (4) hringja 'to ring bells' |
DD2 | (1) *rīkja-; (2) *kreig or *krig-; (3) *raikō(j)an-; (4) *xrenʒjan- |
(1) Far ríkja, Icel ríkja, Norw rikja, MSw rikja; (3) Far reika, Icel reika, Norw reika |
Gaw 2337 |
View |
rimed | v. | rime | Reflex., in phrase rimed hym: (1) ‘cleared his throat’; (2) ‘drew himself up’ |
(1b) rymja ‘to roar, cry out with a hoarse voice’ |
DD2 | (1a) and (2) *rūmjan- |
(1a) Dan rømme sig, ODan rym(m)æ, Norw rømme, OSw ryma; (1b) Far rymja, ryma, Icel rymja, OSw rymia |
Gaw 308 |
View |
schifted | v. | (1) shift; (2) shaft | (1) (*schifted) ‘shifted, declined’; (2) (MS schafted) (a) ‘beamed, shone forth’, (b) ‘set’ |
(1) skifta, skipta ''to order, arrange' |
DD2 | (1) *skiptian- or *skipatjan-; (2) *skaft- |
(1) Far skifta, Icel skipta, skifta, Norw skifta, ODan skiftæ, Dan skifte, Sw skifta |
Gaw 1467 |
View |
skayned | v. | ‘grazed’ |
skeina ‘to scratch, wound slightly’ |
A1 | *skainjan- |
Far skeina, Icel skeina, Norw skeina, skjene, Sw dial skäin' |
Gaw 2167 |
View | |
slokes | n., v. | slock | (1) (a) (v., imp. pl.) ‘stop, enough!’, (b) (v., pres. 2 sg.) ‘you are dawdling’, (c) (n., pl.) ‘stops’ (bot ~, ‘without stops, continuously’); (2) (v., pres. 2 sg.) ‘thou remainest idle, inactive’. |
(1) slokinn ‘slaked, extinguished’; (2a) sloka ‘to slop’; (2b) slókr ‘a slouching fellow’ |
D2 | (1) *sluk- ; (2a) *sluk-; (2b) *slōk- (cp. *slaka-) |
(1) Icel slokinn, OSw slukin; (2a) Icel sloka; (2b) Icel slókur, Norw slōk, Sw slok, Jutland slog; cp. (v.) Norw dial slōka, Sw sloka |
Gaw 412 |
View |
*sparred | v. | (1) spar; (2) speed | (1) (*sparred) ‘sprang’; (2) (*sped(e) (him)) ‘hastened’ |
(1a) sparra 'to stretch out (the legs)’, sperrask ‘to struggle (by putting the feet out)’; (1b) sparra ‘to raise the spars in a house; to stretch out the legs like rafters’, sperrask ‘to struggle by putting the feet out like spars’ |
DD2 | (1a) *sparrjan-; (1b) *sparr-; (2) *spōdi- |
(1a) Far sperra, Icel sperra, Norw sperra, Dan spærre, Sw spärra |
Gaw 1444 |
View |
twynnen | v. | twine | (1) (pp.) ‘twined, plaited’ (or pres. pl. 'twine, plait'); (2) (pres. pl.) ‘match’ |
(1) tvinni ‘twine, twisted thread’; (2) tvennr (tvinnr) cp. 'two-fold, twin, in pairs' |
D2 | *twizn- |
(1) Icel tvinni, Dan tvinde, Sw tvinna; (2) Far tvinnur, Icel tvennur, Norw tvinn, tvenne, ODan tvinnæ, tvænnæ, Dan tvende, OSw tvænne, tvinn-, Sw tvenne |
Gaw 191 |
View |
vnhap (2) | n., v. | unhap | (1) (n.) ‘misfortune’; (2) (v., infin.) ‘to unfasten’ |
(1) óhapp ‘bad fortune’ |
DD2 | (1) *xap(p)-; (2) *haf-, *hasp-, or *haft- |
(1) Far happ, Icel happ, Norw happ, Sw dial happ; (2) Far hefta, Icel hefta, Norw hefta, Dan hefte, Sw häfta |
Gaw 2511 |
View |
vphalt | adj., v. | uphold | (1) ‘lifted up’; (2) ‘raised, i.e. high’ |
(2) halla ‘to lean, turn, sway, swerve’ (or hala 'pull') |
DD2 | (1) *xaldan-; (2) *xalþōjan- or *xalōjan- |
(2) Far halla, Icel halla; Far hála, Icel hala, Norw hala, Dan hale |
Gaw 2079 |
View |
waytez | v. | wait | (1) ‘looks’; (2) ‘treats (him) with anger, i.e. behaves angrily’ |
(2) veita ‘to grant, give’ |
DD2 | (1) *waxt-; (2) *waitjan- |
(2) Far veita, Icel veita, Norw veita, OSw veta |
Gaw 2289 |
View |
weue | v. | (1) ‘to go, pass, move to and fro; surge, swing; bring; offer, show (honour); give’; (2) ‘to weave, i.e. contrive’ |
(1) cp. veifa ‘to wave, vibrate, pull (trans.)’ |
D2 | (1) *waiƀjan-; (2) *weƀan- |
(1) Icel veifa, Norw veiva, Sw veva |
Gaw 1976 2359; Pe 318, 976; Cl 422, 453, 857 |
View | |
ʒayned | v. | yain | ‘met, greeted’ |
gegna ‘to meet, pay, discharge, be fitting, signify’ |
CCC3a | *gagnjan- |
Far gegna, Icel gegna, Norw gjegna, Dan gjenne, Sw dial gena |
Gaw 1724 |
View |
nar | v. | 'are not' |
cp. eru 'are' |
CCC5 | *ne + *ar- |
Gaw 2092 |
View | ||
bycalle | v. | becall | 'call upon, summon' |
kalla ‘to call, cry, shout; send for; say; claim; name’ |
C1a | *kall- or *kalz- |
Far kalla, Icel kalla, Norw kalla, Dan kalde, Sw kalla |
Pe 913, 1163 |
View |
forbrent | v. | 'burned up' |
brenna 'to burn (intrans. and trans.)' |
C2ac | *ƀrennan- or *ƀrannjan- |
Far brenna, Icel brenna, Norw brenna, Dan brænde, Sw brinna; Far brenna, Icel brenna, Norw brenna, ODan brænnæ, Dan brænde, OSw bränna, Sw bränna |
Pe 1139 |
View | |
reget | n., v. | (1) (v.) ‘get again, redeem’, ?(2) (n.) ‘that which is given up’ (3) (*refet) (v.) ‘refresh’ |
(1) geta 'get, engender' |
DD2 | (1) *getan- |
(1) Far gita, Icel geta, Norw gita, gjeta, Dan gide, OSw gita, gæta, Sw gitta, Sw dial gäta |
Pe 1064 |
View | |
outsprent | v. | sprent | ‘gushed forth’ |
(1) spretta ‘to make spring up, unloose; rip up’ |
DD1c | (1) *sprant-jan-; (2) *sprang-jan- |
(1) Far spretta, Icel spretta, Norw spretta, Dan sprætte, Sw sprätta |
Pe 1137 |
View |
caggen | v. | (2) cadge | 'tie up' |
(1) kǫgurr (n.) ‘quilt’ |
DD1c | (1) *kag- |
(1) Icel kögur, Sw dial kaghring, kafring |
Pe 512; Cl 1254; WA 1521 |
View |
gesse | v. | guess | 'conceive, form an idea, believe, suppose, imagine, intend, judge etc.' | C2a | *get- | Norw dial gissa, Dan gisse, Sw gissa, cp. Icel gizka | Pe 499; WA 577, 990, 2071 etc. | View | |
keue | v. | 'to sink (down)' |
kefja 'to dip, put under water' |
DD1c | *kwaƀjan- |
Icel kefja |
Pe 320, 981 |
View | |
lygyngeʒ | n., v. | 'dwellings' |
liggja (v.) ' to lie' |
DD2ac | *legjan- |
Far liggja, Icel liggja, Norw liggja, Dan ligge, Sw ligga |
Pe 935 |
View | |
raue | v. | 'to go astray' |
DD1c | (1) Icel ráfa, Norw rava |
Pe 665 |
View | |||
schere | v. | shear | (1) 'to cut; meander along'; (2) 'make bright or pure' |
(2) skǽrr 'bright, clear' |
DD2 | (1) *skeran-; (2) *skairi- |
(2) Far skærur, Icel skær, Norw skjær, ODan skiær, Dan skær, OSw skær, Sw skär |
Pe 165, 213 |
View |
schowted | v. | shouted | 'raise a loud cry, insult with shouts' |
skúta 'a taunt' |
B1 | *skūt- |
Pe 877; WA 929 |
View | |
stote | v. | 'halt, stop' |
stytta 'to cut short' |
DD1c | ?*staut- or *stut- |
Far stytta, Icel stytta, Norw dial stytta, ODan stunte, OSw stynta |
Pe 149 |
View | |
sulp | v. | 'defile, pollute' |
DD1c | cp. Far søpla, Norw søpla; Norw dial sulpa |
Pe 726; Cl 15, 550, 1130, etc. |
View | |||
tyne | v. | tine, tyne | 'to lose, destroy, ruin' |
týna 'to lose, destroy' |
C3 | *teunjan- |
Far týna, Icel týna, Norw tyna, Dan tyne, Sw. dial tyna |
Pe 332; Cl 216, 775, 907; Pat 500, 505; WA 903, 2683, 2784 etc. |
View |
þrete | v. | 'to wrangle' |
þræt(t)a 'to wrangle' |
CC3 | *þranxtjan-, or *þraut- |
Far træta, Icel þræta, þrætta, Norw trætta, ODan thrættæ, Dan trætta, OSw þræ(t)a, Sw träta |
Pe 561 |
View | |
swangeande | adj., v. | (1) 'swirling'; (2) 'pretty, pleasant' or 'slow' |
(2) svangr 'slender, slim, thin' |
DD2 | (1) *swang-; (2) *swanga- or *swangra- |
Far swangur, Icel swangur, Norw svang, Dan svang, Sw dial svång(er) |
Pe 111 |
View | |
trylle | v. | trill | 'quiver' or 'turn, spin' |
BB2a | *trill- |
Norw trille, Norw dial trilla, ODan trijlæ, Dan trille, Sw trilla |
Pe 78; Erk 322 |
View |