Showing 1 to 50 of 967 lexemes.

Lexeme Part of Speech Modern English Form Sense ON Etymon Summary Category PGmc Ancestor Other Scandinavian reflexes Occurrences  
*barne n. (1) bairn

(1) ‘child’; (2) ‘warrior, knight, man’.

(1) barn 'child'

 DD2

(1)*ƀarnan; (2) *ƀernuz

(1) Far barn, Icel barn, Norw barn, Dan barn, Sw barn

Gaw 2320

 View
lagmon n. (1) belag; (2) lag; (3) law (1) (*bi-laggid men) ‘men spattered with dirt’; (2) ‘last or hindmost person’ (lad … bi lagmon = ‘led astray’); (3) ‘lawyer’ (lad … bi lagmon = ‘cunningly led astray (as if by a lawyer)’ (2a) cp. liggja (v.) 'to lie'; (3) lǫg ‘law; law community, law-district’, cp. laga-maðr, lǫg-maðr D2 (2a) *lag(g)-; (3) *lag- (2a) cp. Norw lagga, Sw dial lagga; (3) Far lóg, Icel lög, Norw log, Dan lov, Sw lag Gaw 1729 View
*bulk n. (1) block; (2) bulk

(1) ‘(headless) trunk (of the body)’; (3) (*blenk) 'gaze'

(2) bulki 'cargo that is secured (amidships)'; (3) blekkja ‘to deceive, betray, seduce’

 D2

(3) *blankjan-

(2) Icel búlki, Norw bulk, bolk, Dan bulk, Sw bulk

Gaw 440

 View
byled v. (1) boil; (2) bellow; (3) boil

(1) ‘boiled, bubbled’; (2) ‘resounded’; (3) ‘swelled, rose’

(2) bylja ‘to resound, echo’ 

 DD2

(2) *buljan-; (3) *būljō-

(2) Far bylgja, Icel bylgja, Norw bylgja, Dan bølge, Sw bölja

Gaw 2082

 View
breth n. (1) breath

(1) breath; (2) 'fury'

(2) bræði 'anger, fury'

 D2

*brēþa-

(2) Far bræði, Icel bræði, Norw bræde, OSw bræþe

Cl 916

 View
*dyngez v. (1) ding; (2) damn (1) (*dyngez) ‘smites’; (2) (dymnez) ‘condemns’ (1) dengja ‘to hammer (metal), forge; urge/press, ask persistently’  D2 (1) *dang(w)jan- or *dengwan- (1) Far deingja, Icel dengja, Norw dengja, Dan dænge, OSw dængia, Sw dial däng(j)a Gaw 2105 View
fere (2) adj. (1) feer, fere; (2) fere (1) ‘proud, bold’; (2) ‘hale, healthy’ (2) fœrr ‘able, capable, strong; fit for use, safe’ DD2 (2) *fōri- (2) Far førur, Icel fær, Norw før, Dan før, Sw för Gaw 103 View
forʒ n. (1) force; (2) furrow

(1) ‘waterfall’; (2) ‘channel, bed’

(1) fors ‘waterfall; cascade of water, giant wave; rushing water course, turbulent stream’ 

 DD2

(1) *fursa-; (2) *furxō

(1) Far forsur, Icel fors, foss, Norw fors, foss, Dan fors, fos, Sw fors

Gaw 2173

 View
child-gered adj. (1) gear; (2) gere; (3) cheer 'boyish, merry' (1) gervi, gørvi ‘gear, apparel’; (2) gerr ‘greedy’ DD1 (1) *garwj-; (2) *ger- (1) Icel gervi; (2) Icel gerr, Norw gjer Gaw 86  View
gere (3) n. (1) gear; (2) gere; (3) cheer 'fashion; ways' (1) gervi, gørvi ‘gear, apparel’; (2) gerr ‘greedy’ DD1 (1) *garwj-; (2) *ger- (1) Icel gervi; (2) Icel gerr, Norw gjer WA 824*, 1773 View
glotte n. (1) gleet (1) 'corruption' (2) ?'open mouth' (2) cp. glotta (v.) 'to grin, smile scornfully and show teeth' DD2 (2) ?*glunt- (2) cp. Far glotta, Icel glotta, Norw glotta; Norw glott Erk 297 View
heme adj., n. (1) heme; (2) hem

(1) (adj.) ‘suitable, neat’; (2) (n.) ‘hem, skirt’

(1) cp. heimolliga, heimulliga (later heimugliga) ‘privately, intimately; duly, with full title to possession’

 DD2

(1) *xaimaz; (2) *xam(m)-

(1) cp. Icel heimileg(u)r, Norw heimeleg, Dan hemmelig, Sw heimlig

Gaw 157

 View
*here n. (1) hire

'payment'

(2) eyrir 'ounce, money'

 DD2

(1) *xūrja-; (2) *auri-

Far oyri, Icel eyrir, Norw ørre, Dan øre, Sw öre

Pe 616

 View
horyed v. (1) hurried; (2) harried (1) 'urged, hurried'; (2) 'dragged, pulled' (1) cp. hurr 'hurley-burley, noise' DD2 (2) *xarjōjan- cp. Icel hurr (n.); Far hurra, Icel hurra, Norw hurra, Norw dial hurra, Dan hurre 'to whir', Sw hurra, Sw dial hurra Cl 883 View
laucyng n., v. (1) lance; (2) loosing

(1) (forlancyng) ‘throwing out’ (pres. ptcp.);  (2) (laucyng) ‘loosening’ (vbl. n.)

(2) lauss (adj.) ‘loose, free (etc.)’ 

 D2

(2) *lausa-

(2) Far leysur, Icel laus, Norw laus, Dan løs, Sw lös

Gaw 1334

 View
lenge adv., v. (1) lengh; (3) long; (4) leng (1) (lenge) and (3) (*longe) adv., ‘a long while, for a long time’; (2) (lenge) adv. compar. ‘longer’; (4) (lenge) v. infin. ‘to remain’ (1) lengi ‘long, for a long time’ DD2 (1) *lang-īn-; (3) *langa- ; (4) *lanʒjan- (1) Far leingi, Icel lengi, Norw lenge, Dan længe, Sw länge Gaw 88 View
messequyle n. (1) mass; (2) mess

(1) ‘time for mass’; (2) ‘dinner time’

(1) messa 'mass'

 DD2

(1) Far messa, Icel messa, Norw messa, messe, Dan messe, Sw messa

Gaw 1097

 View
*mukkyd v. (1) mucked; (2) made (1) 'shovelled'; (2) 'made' (1) moka 'to shovel' D2 (1) *mukōn-; (2) makōjan- (1) Icel moka, Norw moka, Dan muge, Sw måka, mocka, Sw dial muka Erk 43 View
neme v. (1) nim; (2) nemn

(1) (a) ‘took’ (pret. pl.), (b) ‘take’ (pres. pl.); (2) ‘name’ (pres. pl.; neme for, ‘name as’)

(1) nema ‘to take’

 DD2

(1) *neman-; (2) *namnjan-

(1) Far nema, Icel nema, Norw nema, ODan nimmæ, Dan nemme, OSw næma, nima, Sw dial nimma

Gaw 1347

 View
quethe n. (1) queath

(1) ‘utterance’;  (2) ‘advance’

kviðr ‘saw, saying, speech, word’; kvæði ‘poem, song’

 CCC1

(1) *kweþ-; (2) *kwak-

(1) Far kvæði, Icel kviður, kvæði, Norw kvæde, ODan kvæde, Sw kväde

Gaw 1150

 View
rape n. (1) rap; (3) ?rape

(1) 'blow'; (2) 'fall, ruin'; (3) 'treachery'

(2) hrapa ‘to fall, tumble down; rush headlong, hurry’ 

 D2

(2) *xrapōjan-

(1) Norw rapp, Dan rap, Sw rapp; (2) Far rapa, Icel hrapa, Norw rapa, OSw rapa; cp. Icel hrap, Norw rap

Cl 233

 View
sete n., v. (1) seat; (2) set, sit (1) 'seat, throne, place (at table)'; (2) 'to sit'; (3) 'to be seated' (1) and (3) sæti (n.) ‘seat’ D2 (1) *sētjan-; (2) *satjan- or *setjan-; (3) *sētjan- (1) and (3) Far sæti, Icel sæti, Norw sæte, ODan sæte, Dan sæde, OSw sǣte Sw säte Cl 1395 View
schifted v. (1) shift; (2) shaft

(1) (*schifted) ‘shifted, declined’; (2) (MS schafted) (a) ‘beamed, shone forth’, (b) ‘set’

(1) skifta, skipta ''to order, arrange'

 DD2

(1) *skiptian- or *skipatjan-; (2) *skaft-

(1) Far skifta, Icel skipta, skifta, Norw skifta, ODan skiftæ, Dan skifte, Sw skifta

Gaw 1467

 View
scholes adj., n. (1) shoeless; (2) soles

(1) (adj.) ‘shoeless’;  (2) (n. pl.) ‘shoes with long pointed toes’; (3) (n. pl.) ‘thin plates (part of the horse’s armour)’; (4) (n. pl.) ‘protections under and inside the thighs’; (5) (n. pl.) ‘supports covering the sole of the foot’.

(1) skólauss 'shoeless'; (4) skál ‘bowl, hollow; scales’

 DD2

(1) *skōhaz; (3) *skullōn; (4) *skēl-

(1) Far skógvur, Icel skór, Norw sko, Dan sko, Sw sko; (3) Sw skolla; (4) Far skál, Icel skál, Norw skål, Dan skål, Sw skål

Gaw 160

 View
sour adj. (1) sour

'bitter, acid, vile'

(2) saurr (n.) 'mud, dirt', saurigr (adj.) 'filthy, dirty'

 DD2

(1) *sūraz; (2) *saur-

(2) Far seyrur, Icel saur, Norw saur, ODan sør, OSw sör-, Sw dial sör

Cl 192, 1036

 View
*sparred v. (1) spar; (2) speed

(1) (*sparred) ‘sprang’;  (2) (*sped(e) (him)) ‘hastened’

(1a) sparra 'to stretch out (the legs)’, sperrask ‘to struggle (by putting the feet out)’; (1b) sparra ‘to raise the spars in a house; to stretch out the legs like rafters’, sperrask ‘to struggle by putting the feet out like spars’

 DD2

(1a) *sparrjan-; (1b) *sparr-; (2) *spōdi-

(1a) Far sperra, Icel sperra, Norw sperra, Dan spærre, Sw spärra

Gaw 1444

 View
spenne (2) n. (1) spen; (2) spinney (1) ‘fence, hedge’;  (2) (a) ‘thorn-hedge’;  (b) ‘thorn bush, thorn hedge, thorn thicket’ (1) spenni 'clasp' D2 (1) *span(n)- Far spenni, Icel spenni, Norw spenne, Sw spänne Gaw 1709, 1896; WA 4162 View
*þwarte-knot n. (1) thwart; (2) thwarl

(1) (*þwarte-knot) ‘cross knot’;  (2) (þwarle knot) ‘tight knot’, ‘intricate knot’, ‘twirled knot’

(1) þverr ‘athwart, across, transverse’

 DD2

(1) *þwerxwaz; (2b) *þwer- or *þwar-; (2c) *xwerƀan-

(1) Far tvørur, Icel þver, Norw tver, ODan thwær, Dan tvær, OS þvær, þvar

Gaw 194
 

 View
*vntyl prep. (1) until (1) (*vntyl) ‘until’;  (2) (vntyʒtel) ‘unrestraint, lightheartedness’ (dalten ~ ‘revelled’) or ‘trifling talk’ (1) undz, unz ‘till that, till, until’ + til ‘to, until (etc.)' DD2 (1) *unða + *til-; (2) *tuhtiz (1) Icel uns; Far til, Icel til, Norw til, Dan til, Sw till, til Gaw 1114 View
caggen v. (2) cadge

'tie up'

(1) kǫgurr (n.) ‘quilt’

 DD1c

(1) *kag-

(1) Icel kögur, Sw dial kaghring, kafring

Pe 512; Cl 1254; WA 1521

 View
roþeled (1) v. (2) rathel (1) 'heated, broiled'; (2) 'brought together' (1) rjóðr (adj.) 'ruddy, red; (2) raða ‘to set in order’ DD2 (1) *reuda- (1) Icel rjóður, Norw rjod- (2) Far raða, Icel raða, Norw rada, Sw rada Cl 59 View
roþum adj., n. (2) rotten

(1) 'redness'; (2) 'rottenness'

(1a) roðna (v.) 'redden'; (1b) roþmi (n.) 'redness'; (2) rotinn (adj.) 'rotten'

 D2

(1) *rod-; (2) *rut-

(1a) Far rodna, Icel roðna, Norw rodna, Sw rodna, Sw dial rudna; (1b) Dan rødme, OSw rodme, rudhme; (2) Far rotin, Icel rotinn, Norw roten, Dan rådden, Sw rutten, Sw dial rotin

Cl 1009

 View
glauereʒ v. ?glaver 'deceives' cp. glaðr (adj.) 'glad' DD1 ?*glaða- Pe 688 View
nekard n. ?niggard ?'weakling, mean person' cp. hnøggr (adj.) DD2 ?*xnaww- Far nøggur, Icel hnøggur, Norw nøgg, Dan nygger, Sw njugg, Sw dial nagg, nägg WA 1742 View
typped adj., v. ?tipped

(1) ?'consummate'; (2) 'fallen'

(1) typpa 'to tip, top', cp. typptr (adj.) 'tipped, laced'

 D2

(1) Icel typpa, Norw typpa; (2) Sw tippa

Pat 77

 View
adill v. addle 'acquire, earn (for themselves)' ǫðlask 'to win, gain as property, get for oneself' C3c *aþalōjan- Icel öðlast, Norw odla WA 3191 View
adreʒ adv. adreigh ‘away, back’ drjúgr 'abundant, sufficient, lasting; supportive staunch, persistent (etc.)' CC3ac *dreug- Far dr(j)úgvur, Icel drjúgur, Norw drjug, Sw dryg Cl 71 View
agayn adv., prep. again (adv.) 'in return'; (prep.) 'against, facing' (í) gegn 'in opposition, against, in return'  A1*c *gagni- Far ígen, Icel gegn,  Dan igen, OSw gen Gaw 384, 1638; Pe 28, 326, 1199, etc.; Cl 266, 826; WA 50, 82, 188, etc. View
agaynʒ prep. against 'against, upon' (í) gegn 'in opposition, against, in return' A1*c *gagni- Far ígen, Icel gegn, Dan igen, OSw gen Pe 79; Cl 611, 1711; WA 170, 473, 953, etc. View
algate adv. algate, algates 'at any rate' gata ‘way, path, road’ B2 *gatwōn  Far gata, gøta, Icel gata, Norw gate, gote, Dan gade, Sw gata Gaw 141 View
alofte adv., prep. aloft

‘up, above, at the top, on; on horseback’

loft ‘air, atmosphere, sky, heaven; space; loft, upper room; balcony’

 C1

*luft-a-n

Far loft, luft, Icel loft, lopt, Norw loft, luft, Dan loft, luft, Sw loft, luft

Gaw 194, 435, 572 etc.; Cl 1183; Pat 447; Erk 49; WA 858

 View
aloʒ adv. alow

'quietly'

lágr ‘low’

 A1*

*lēga-

Far lágur, Icel lágur, Norw låg, Dan lav, Sw låg

Cl 670

 View
omys adv. amiss 'amiss' (á) miss 'so as to miss' C4 *miss- Icel mis, Norw miss WA 4326 View
angardez adj., n. angard

‘i.e. excessive, arrogant’

ágjarn ‘covetous, greedy; ambitious; pugnacious, belligerent, eager to fight’; gort ‘bragging’; gera, gør(v)a ‘to make, do’

 FCCC3c

Icel gjarn, Sw dial gärnt; Far ger-, Icel ger, ODan gør, Dan gør-, OSw gor, gör

Gaw 681

 View
angirs v. anger 'grows angry' angra 'to distress, grieve, trouble (etc.)' C1 *angez-  Far angra, Icel angra, Norw angra, ODan angre, Dan angre, OSw angra, Sw ångra WA 837 View
anger n. anger 'harm, sorrow; anger; passion' angr ‘sorrow, resentment, distress; repentance; tribulation, injury’  C1 *angez-  Far angur, Icel angur, Norw anger, Dan, anger, Sw ånger Gaw 2344; Pe 343; Cl 572, 1602; Pat 411, 481; WA 750, 857, 1908 etc. View
angrile adv. angrily 'angrily' angr (n.) ‘sorrow, resentment, distress; repentance; tribulation, injury’; cp. angrligr (adj.). 'anxious, concerned; sorrowful, unpleasant' C1 *angez- Far angur, Icel angur, Norw anger, Dan anger, Sw ånger WA 733, 832*, 2185 View
angre adj. angry 'caustic' angr (n.) ‘sorrow, resentment, distress; repentance; tribulation, injury’ C1 *angez- Far angur, Icel angur, Norw anger, Dan anger, Sw ånger Cl 1035 View
ar v. are 'are' cp. eru 'are' CCC5 *ar-  Gaw 207, 280, 1094, etc.; Pe 384, 402, 628 etc.; Cl 8, 15, 55, etc.; Pat 13, 15; Erk 164 View
arwes n. arrow 'arrows' ǫr 'arrow' CC1 *arx-  Far ørv, Icel ör, OSw arf Gaw 1160, 1455; WA 1066, 1390, 2211 etc. View
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Etymology