Showing 851 to 900 of 967 lexemes.

Lexeme Part of Speech Modern English Form Sense ON Etymon Summary Category PGmc Ancestor Other Scandinavian reflexes Occurrences  
wont n. want

‘lack (of good things)’

 vanr (adj.) ‘lacking, wanting’

C1

*wan-

Icel vanur

Gaw 131

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grome n. groom

‘lackey, servant; man’

?grómr ‘man’

DD1

(1) *grem- (gram-, grum-); (3) *grō-

Far gróma, grómutur, Icel gróm

Gaw 1006, 1127 

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louyly adj.

‘lawful’

lǫg (pl.) ‘law; law community, law-district’

C3d

*lag-

Far lóg, Icel lög, Norw log, Dan lov, Sw lag

Pe 565

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felaʒschyp n. fellowship

‘love of fellow men; company; couple’

félagi ‘partner, shareholder, fellow, comrade; partner, consort’

C4

*fexu + *lag- + *skapi-z

Far felag, felagi, Icel félag, Norw felag, ODan felge, Dan fællig, fælle, OSw fælagh

Gaw 652, 2151; Cl 271, 1764

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mekeness n. meekness

‘meekness, humility’

mjúkr ‘soft, agile; meek, mild’

B1

*meuk-

Far mjúkr, Icel mjúkr, Norw mjuk, Dan myg, Sw mjuk

Pe 406; Pat 15, 32; WA 3286

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tayt adj.

‘merry, lively, agreeable; vigorous, well-grown’

teitr ‘glad, cheerful’

A1*c

*taita-

Far teitur, Icel teitur, runic Norw tAitʀ

Gaw 988, 1377; Cl 871

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ʒayned v. yain

‘met, greeted’

gegna ‘to meet, pay, discharge, be fitting, signify’

CCC3a

*gagnjan-

Far gegna, Icel gegna, Norw gjegna, Dan gjenne, Sw dial gena

Gaw 1724

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bigly adv. bigly

‘mightily, strongly, firmly’

byggva (byggja) 'to settle, inhabit'

D1c

(1)*big-; (2) *bug- or *bugg-

(1) Far byggja, Icel byggja, Norw byggja, Dan bygge, Sw bygga; (2) Norw dial bugge, bugga

Gaw 1141, 1162, 1584; Pat 321; WA 423, 1138, 1371

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stad adj., v. stead

‘placed; put down (in writing); present; standing there’

staddr ‘placed, present’ 

A1*c

*staðaða-

Icel steðja, Norw steda, stede, Dan stede, Sw städa, städja

Gaw 33, 644, 2137;  Cl 90, 806, 983, etc.; Erk 274; WA 465, 499

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gayn adv.

‘promptly’

gegn ‘straight, direct, ready, serviceable, kindly’

A1*c

*gagni- 

Icel gegn, Norw gjegn, ODan gjen, Dan dial gjen, Sw dial gen

Gaw 1621

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helde adv.

‘readily, likely’

heldr ‘more, rather; very; but, on the contrary; soonest, especially’

C1c

*xalð-iz-

Far heldur, Icel heldri, heldur, Norw helder, Dan heller(e), Sw heller, hellre

Pe 1193

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seme adj., adv. seem

‘seemly, fair, excellent; becomingly, fairly'

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’

C1ac

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 1085; Pe 190, 1115; Cl 549, 1810

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semly adj., n. seemly

‘seemly, fitting; comely, fair’

sœmr ‘becoming, fit’; cp. sœmiligr ‘becoming’ 

C1a

*sōmi-

Icel sæmur, Norw sømre, Sw dial sym

Gaw 83, 348, 672, etc.; Pe 34, 45, 789; Cl 209, 262, 816 etc.; Erk 84; WA 238, 1281, 2003 etc.

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serlepes adj., adv.

‘separately, in turn; single, individual'

sér 3 pers. sg. reflex. pron. (dat.)

A2c

*sē-z

Far sær, Icel sér, Norw sêr, Dan sær, I sær, runic Sw saʀ, Sw i sär

Gaw 501; Pe 994

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clypper n.

‘shearer’

klippa (v.) 'to clip'

B2c

?*klipp-

Far klippa, Norw klippa, Dan klippe, Sw klippa, Sw dial klöppa, Shetl klipp

Pe 802

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crokeʒ n. crook

‘sickles’

krókr ‘hook, anything crooked’

BB2b

?*krōk-

Far krókur, Icel krókur, Norw krôk, Dan krog, Sw krok

Pe 40

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syluerin adj. silver

‘silver’

silfr (n.) 'silver'

CC2

*siluƀra-

Far silvur, Icel silfur, Norw sylv, ODan sølfver, Dan sølv, Sw silver

Gaw 124, 886; Cl 1406; WA 1565

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skyrtez n. skirt

‘skirts, lower part of flowing garment or covering; flaps of a saddle, saddle-skirts’

skyrta ‘shirt, kind of kirtle’ 

A1*c

*skurtjōn

Far skjúrta, Icel skyrta, Norw skyrta, skjurta, ODan skyrtæ, skiortæ, Dan skjorte, OSw skyrta, skjurta, Sw skjorta

Gaw 171, 601, 865; WA 1533

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dylle adj. dull

‘slow’

dul, dulr (n.) ‘delusion, concealment, disguise’; cp. dylja (v.) ‘to keep in ignorance, conceal’, údulðr ‘not unaware, knowing’

CCC5c

*dulj-

Far duli, dulur, Icel dul, Norw dul, OSw dul

Pe 680

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fnast v. fnast

‘snorted, panted’

fnasa 'to sneeze, snort, snort in rage'

CCC3c

*fnēst-

Icel fnasa, fnása, Dan fnase

Gaw 1587, 1702 

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derþe n. dearth

‘splendour’

dýrð ‘glory, splendour’

CC1c

*deuriþ-

Far dýrd, Icel dýrð, Sw dyrd

Pe 99

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sprit v. sprit

‘sprang, started’

(3) spretta ‘to make spring up, unloose; rip up’; (4) sprita ‘to sprawl 

DD1c

(2) *sprutjan-; (3) *sprantjan-; (4) *sprīð-  

(3) Far spretta, Icel spretta, Norw spretta, Dan sprætte, Sw spritta, sprätta, Sw dial sprinta; (4) Far sprita, Icel sprita, Norw sprita

Gaw 2316

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hemely adv.

‘suitably, neatly’

heimolliga, heimulliga (later heimugliga) ‘privately, intimately; duly, with full title to possession’

CCC1a

*xaimaz

cp. Icel heimileg(u)r, Norw heimeleg, Dan hemmelig, Sw heimlig

Gaw 1852

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ware (1) v. ware

‘to deal, deliver; spend, employ’ 

verja ‘to invest money, lay out; exert oneself’

CC3c

*warō(n) 

Far verja, Icel verja, Norw verja, Dan værge, OSw värja, Sw värja

Gaw 402, 1235, 2344 

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lyfte v. lift

‘to lift, raise; build; extol, excite; make, pronounce’

lyfta ‘to lift, raise’

C1ac

*luftjan-

Far lyfta, Icel lyfta, Norw lyfta, Dan løfte, Sw lyfta

Gaw 12, 258, 369, etc.; Pe 567; Cl 443, 586, 717 etc.; Erk 178; WA 196, 674, 728 etc.

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ouertake v. overtake

‘to overtake; ?to regain’

taka ‘to take’, cp. yfirtak (n.) ‘an overtaking, surpassing 

B2

*tak-

Far taka, Icel taka, Norw taka, Dan tage, OSw taka, tagha, Sw taga

Gaw 2387; Pat 127

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scrape v. scrape

‘to scrape, paw the ground’

skrapa ‘to scrape, clatter; scratch’

CC2

*skrapō(j)an-

Icel skrapa, Norw skrapa, Dan skrabe, Sw skrapa

Gaw 1571; Cl 1546

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wont v. want

‘to want, lack, fall short of (impers.)’

vanta, ‘to want, lack’

C1

*wanaton-

Far vanta, Icel vanta, Norw vanta, ODan vante, Dan dial vante

Gaw 987, 1062, 2366; Pe 215; Cl 13, 739; Erk 208; WA 809*, 996, 1854 etc.

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chaffer n. chaffer

‘trade, merchandise’

kaupfǫr ‘trading journey’ 

CCC4

*kaupaz + *farō

Gaw 1647, 1939

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wrang adv. wrong

‘unjustly, wrongly’

vrangr, rangr (adj.) ‘awry, not straight; wrong, unjust, unrighteous’

C1

*wrang-

Far rangur, Icel rangr, Norw vrang, rang, Dan vrang, Sw vrång

Pe 488, 614; Cl 891

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vnþryuande adj. unthriving

‘unworthy, ignoble’

þrífa-sk ‘to thrive’

B1c

*þrīfan-

Far tríva, trívast, Icel þrífa, þrívast, Norw triva, Dan trives, MSw thriva

Gaw 1499

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alofte adv., prep. aloft

‘up, above, at the top, on; on horseback’

loft ‘air, atmosphere, sky, heaven; space; loft, upper room; balcony’

C1

*luft-a-n

Far loft, luft, Icel loft, lopt, Norw loft, luft, Dan loft, luft, Sw loft, luft

Gaw 194, 435, 572 etc.; Cl 1183; Pat 447; Erk 49; WA 858

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nayte v. nait

‘use; exert; name, mention, repeat, recite’

neyta ‘to use, enjoy, consume’ 

A1ac

*nautjan- 

Icel neyta, Norw nøyta, ODan nøde, OSw nøta, Sw nöta, Gotl noyta

Gaw 65; Cl 531; Erk 119; WA 2468, 2518, 2968 etc. 

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layde v. lay

‘uttered’ (in the phrase 'layde … þyse wordez' ‘spoke these words; urged’)

leggja 'to lay, place, put (etc.)'

CCC4c

*lagjan-

Far leggja, Icel leggja, Norw leggja, Dan lægge, Sw lägga

Gaw 1480

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brathþe n.

‘violence, impetuosity; agony, violent grief’

bráðr ‘immediate, quick; sudden, violent, harsh, fierce; rash, impetuous, impatient’

A1c

*ƀrēþa-

cp. Far bráður, Icel bráður, Norw bråd, Dan brad, Sw dial brå(d)

Pe 346, *1170; Cl 916; WA 1220, 1744, 1956 etc. 

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hetes n.

‘vows, assurances of knightly service’

cp. heita (v.) ‘to call, name, promise’

CCC2c

*hait-

Gaw 1525

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wandez n. wand

‘wand, magic wand, staff; stave’s’

vǫndr ‘wand, switch’

C1c

*wanðuz

Far vond, Icel vöndur, Norw vond, Dan vånd, OSw vander, Sw dial vann

Gaw 215; WA 57

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greme n. greme

‘wrath, resentment; grief; mortification; hurt’

gremi ‘wrath, anger’

CC1ac

*grama- or *gramjan-

Far gremi, Icel gremi, Norw gremme

Gaw 312, 1507, 2251, etc.; Pe 465; Cl 16, 947; WA 4157

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blayke adj.

‘yellow’

bleikr ‘pale, wan, ?bleached’

A1*

*ƀlaika-

Far bleikur, Icel bleikur, Norw bleik, Dan bleg, Sw blek, Shetl bleg

Pe 27

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spakest adj., n. spack

 'cleverest (one)'

spakr (adj.) 'gentle, wise'

B1

Far spakur, Icel spakur, Norw spak, ODan spak, Dan spag, OSw skaper, Sw spak

Pat 169

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bygly adj. bigly

 ‘inhabitable, pleasant’

byggiligr 'habitable'

A1*bc

*ƀewwjan- or *ƀuwwjan-

Pe 963

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rape n. (1) rap; (3) ?rape

(1) 'blow'; (2) 'fall, ruin'; (3) 'treachery'

(2) hrapa ‘to fall, tumble down; rush headlong, hurry’ 

D2

(2) *xrapōjan-

(1) Norw rapp, Dan rap, Sw rapp; (2) Far rapa, Icel hrapa, Norw rapa, OSw rapa; cp. Icel hrap, Norw rap

Cl 233

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autly adj., adv.

(1) 'courageously, manfully'; (2) 'lacking'

(2) auðr 'empty, void, desolate'

DD2

(1) *aiwin + *wextiz; (2) *auþaz

(2) Far eyður, Icel auður, Norw aud

Cl 795

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rok n.

(1) 'crowd, company'; (2) 'castle'

(1) cp. hrúga 'heap, pile; bundle, clump'

D2

(1) *xrūk-

(1) Icel hrúka, Norw ruke, Sw dial ruka

Cl 1514

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golf n.

(1) 'deep pool of water'; (2) 'a space underground (as source of a stream)'

(2) golf 'floor, room, compartment'

DD2


 

Far gólv, Icel gólf, Norw dial golv, Dan gulv, Sw golv

Pe 608

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*fere n.

(1) 'fortune, rank, dignity'; (2) 'company'

færi 'capacity, ability, means, possibility'

DD2

?*fōr-i-

(1) Far føri, Icel færi, Norw føre, Dan føre, Sw fōre

Pe 616

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whateʒ n., v.

(1) 'fortunes'; (2) 'runs'; (3) 'was'
 

(2) hvata 'to hasten, speed'

DD2

(1) *xwat-; (2) *xwata-

(2) hvata

Pe 1041

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fordolked adv.

(1) 'grievously wounded'; (2) 'made dull, stupified'; (3) 'despoiled, robbed'

(3) cp. dokk, dokka 'windlass'

DD2

(1) *dulʒ-; (2) *dul-; (3) *dukk-

(3) Icel dokkur, Norw dokke; Icel dokk, Norw dokka, Sw docka

Pe 11

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rasse n. rasse

(1) 'level; ?ledge of rock'; (2) 'rounded projection of a rock or mountain'; (3) 'rising or perpendicular slope'; (4) 'watercourse, channel, ditch'

(2) rasse (raz) ‘arse’; (4) rás ‘race, running' (water)course, channel’, ras ‘rush’

D2

(2) *arsaz; (3) *rās-; (4) *rēs- or *ras-

(2) Far rassur, Icel rass, Norw rass; Far arsur, Icel ars, Norw ars, Dan ars, OSw ars; (4) Far rás, Icel rás, Norw rås, Sw dial rås; Icel ras, Norw ras, Sw dial ras

Gaw 1570; Cl 446

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roþum adj., n. (2) rotten

(1) 'redness'; (2) 'rottenness'

(1a) roðna (v.) 'redden'; (1b) roþmi (n.) 'redness'; (2) rotinn (adj.) 'rotten'

D2

(1) *rod-; (2) *rut-

(1a) Far rodna, Icel roðna, Norw rodna, Sw rodna, Sw dial rudna; (1b) Dan rødme, OSw rodme, rudhme; (2) Far rotin, Icel rotinn, Norw roten, Dan rådden, Sw rutten, Sw dial rotin

Cl 1009

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Etymology