Showing 901 to 950 of 967 lexemes.

Lexeme Part of Speech Modern English Form Sense ON Etymon Summary Category PGmc Ancestor Other Scandinavian reflexes Occurrences  
swangeande adj., v.

(1) 'swirling'; (2) 'pretty, pleasant' or 'slow'

(2) svangr 'slender, slim, thin'

DD2

(1) *swang-; (2) *swanga- or *swangra-

Far swangur, Icel swangur, Norw svang, Dan svang, Sw dial svång(er)

Pe 111

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schere v. shear

(1) 'to cut; meander along'; (2) 'make bright or pure'
 

(2) skǽrr 'bright, clear'

DD2

(1) *skeran-; (2) *skairi-

(2) Far skærur, Icel skær, Norw skjær, ODan skiær, Dan skær, OSw skær, Sw skär

Pe 165, 213

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*bulk n. (1) block; (2) bulk

(1) ‘(headless) trunk (of the body)’; (3) (*blenk) 'gaze'

(2) bulki 'cargo that is secured (amidships)'; (3) blekkja ‘to deceive, betray, seduce’

D2

(3) *blankjan-

(2) Icel búlki, Norw bulk, bolk, Dan bulk, Sw bulk

Gaw 440

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byled v. (1) boil; (2) bellow; (3) boil

(1) ‘boiled, bubbled’; (2) ‘resounded’; (3) ‘swelled, rose’

(2) bylja ‘to resound, echo’ 

DD2

(2) *buljan-; (3) *būljō-

(2) Far bylgja, Icel bylgja, Norw bylgja, Dan bølge, Sw bölja

Gaw 2082

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wande n. wand

(1) ‘branch’ (under ~ ‘in the wood’);  (2) ‘difficulty, hesitation’ (under ~ ‘under difficulty, in hesitation’)

(1) vǫndr ‘wand, switch’; (2) vandi ‘a difficulty, difficult task; obligation, duty’

D2

(1) *wanðuz; (2) *wanð-

(1) Far vond, Icel vöndur, Norw vond, Dan vånd, OSw vander, Sw dial vann; (2) Far vandi, Icel vandi, Norw vande, ODan wandæ, Dan vånde, Sw vånda, Sw dial vånde

Gaw 1161

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*barne n. (1) bairn

(1) ‘child’; (2) ‘warrior, knight, man’.

(1) barn 'child'

DD2

(1)*ƀarnan; (2) *ƀernuz

(1) Far barn, Icel barn, Norw barn, Dan barn, Sw barn

Gaw 2320

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costez v. coast

(1) ‘coasts, passes by the side of’; (2) ‘gives (full bright) quality to’; (3) ‘drives’

(2) kostr ‘condition, choice, opportunity (etc.)’; (3) kasta ‘to cast, throw’

DD2

(2) *kustiz or *kustuz; (3) *kastō(j)an-

(2) Far kostur, Icel kostur, Norw kost, ODan kost, OSw koster; (3) Far kasta, Icel kasta, Norw kasta, Dan kaste, Sw kasta

Gaw 1696

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rykande v. ring

(1) ‘commanding’; (2) ‘noisy’; (3) (*raykande) ‘loud, strong’; (4) (*rynkande) ‘ringing’

(1) ríkja ‘to reign, rule’; (3) reika ‘to wander, take a walk, swagger’; (4) hringja 'to ring bells'

DD2

(1) *rīkja-; (2) *kreig or *krig-; (3) *raikō(j)an-; (4) *xrenʒjan-

(1) Far ríkja, Icel ríkja, Norw rikja, MSw rikja; (3) Far reika, Icel reika, Norw reika

Gaw 2337

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deuely adj. deavely

(1) ‘desolating, dreary’; (2) (*deruely) sudden

(1) daufligr ‘boring, dreary, eerie, sad’; (2) djarfliga (adv.) ‘bravely, boldy; rashly, precipitously’

D2

(1) dauƀ-; (2) *derƀ-

Pe 51

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gayne n. gain

(1) ‘gain, what you obtained’; (2) ‘advantage, benefit, what has accrued’

(2) gegn (adj.) ‘straight, direct, ready, serviceable, kindly’

D2

(1) *waiþ-; (2) *gagniz

(2) Icel gegn, Norw gjegn, Dan dial gjen, Sw genast, Sw dial gen, gin

Gaw 2349

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grwe n. grue

(1) ‘grain, jot’ (i.e. no grwe ‘not at all’); (2) ‘horror, dread, fear’.

DD2

(1) *grūt; (2) *grūw-

Dan gru; cp. Norw gruva, ODan gruve, grye, Dan grue, OSw grūva sik, Sw gruva sig

Gaw 2251

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vphalt adj., v. uphold

(1) ‘lifted up’;  (2) ‘raised, i.e. high’

(2) halla ‘to lean, turn, sway, swerve’ (or hala 'pull')

DD2

(1) *xaldan-; (2) *xalþōjan- or *xalōjan-

(2) Far halla, Icel halla; Far hála, Icel hala, Norw hala, Dan hale

Gaw 2079

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waytez v. wait

(1) ‘looks’; (2) ‘treats (him) with anger, i.e. behaves angrily’

(2) veita ‘to grant, give’

DD2

(1) *waxt-; (2) *waitjan-

(2) Far veita, Icel veita, Norw veita, OSw veta

Gaw 2289

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skwez n. scu

(1) ‘shadows’;  (2) ‘precipitous banks; jagged faces’;  (3) ‘clouds’

(1) skuggi 'shadow'; (3) skí ‘cloud’ (variant ský)

D2

(1) *skuww-; (2) *skeuha-; (3) *skiwi

(1) Far skuggi, Icel skuggi, Norw skugge, Dan skygge, Sw skugga; (3) Far ský, skýggj, Icel ský, Norw sky, Dan sky, Sw sky

Gaw 2167

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flake n.

(1) ‘spot, blemish’; (2) ‘fold’

(1i) flekkr ‘fleck, spot’; (1ii) flagna ‘to flake or chip off’; (2) flaki ‘hurdle’

DD2

(1i) *flekk-az; (1ii) *flak-; (2) *flak-

(1i) Far flekkur, Icel flekkur, Norw flekk, ODan flek, Sw fläck; (1ii) Icel flagna, Norw flagna, Sw flagna; (2) Far flaki, Icel flaki, fleki, Norw flake, Dan dial flage, Sw dial flake

Pe 947

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bate n. bate

(1) ‘strife, fighting’; (2) ‘baiting’

(2)  beita ‘bait’; cp. beita (v.) ‘to cause to bite’; ‘to chase (with animals), hunt (with animals), set (animals) on’ (etc.), beit, beiti 'grazing, pasture'

DD2

(2) *bait-

(2) Far beita, Icel beita, Norw beite, beita, ODan bēd, Sw bete

Gaw 1461

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messequyle n. (1) mass; (2) mess

(1) ‘time for mass’; (2) ‘dinner time’

(1) messa 'mass'

DD2

(1) Far messa, Icel messa, Norw messa, messe, Dan messe, Sw messa

Gaw 1097

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clambere v. clamber

(1) ‘to cluster’; (2) ‘to clamber’

(1) klambra ‘to clamp or pinch together’

DD2

*klamb-r-

(1) Far klombra, Icel klambra, Norw klemb(r)a 

Gaw 801, 1722

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weue v.

(1) ‘to go, pass, move to and fro; surge, swing; bring; offer, show (honour); give’; (2) ‘to weave, i.e. contrive’

(1) cp. veifa ‘to wave, vibrate, pull (trans.)’

D2

(1) *waiƀjan-; (2) *weƀan-

(1) Icel veifa, Norw veiva, Sw veva

Gaw 1976 2359; Pe 318, 976; Cl 422, 453, 857

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daylyeden v. dally

(1) ‘trifle, make (courtly) love; converse, contend, dispute’; (2) ‘bandy pleasantries’

(2) deila ‘to divide, apportion’ (etc.); ‘to contend, quarrel’

DD2

(2) *dail-

(2) Far deila, Icel deila, Norw deila, Sw dela

Gaw 1114; Pe 313

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quethe n. (1) queath

(1) ‘utterance’;  (2) ‘advance’

kviðr ‘saw, saying, speech, word’; kvæði ‘poem, song’

CCC1

(1) *kweþ-; (2) *kwak-

(1) Far kvæði, Icel kviður, kvæði, Norw kvæde, ODan kvæde, Sw kväde

Gaw 1150

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rout n. rout

(1) ‘violent movement, jerk’; (2) ‘roar’

(1) hrjóta ‘to rebound, fall, fly, be flung’; (2) rauta ‘to roar’

DD2

(1) *xreut- or *xrūt-; (2) *raut-

(1) Far róta, Icel hrjóta, Norw ryta, rjota, OSw riuta; (2) Icel rauta, Norw rauta, OSw röta, Sw dial röta, routa

Gaw 457

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forʒ n. (1) force; (2) furrow

(1) ‘waterfall’; (2) ‘channel, bed’

(1) fors ‘waterfall; cascade of water, giant wave; rushing water course, turbulent stream’ 

DD2

(1) *fursa-; (2) *furxō

(1) Far forsur, Icel fors, foss, Norw fors, foss, Dan fors, fos, Sw fors

Gaw 2173

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*þwarte-knot n. (1) thwart; (2) thwarl

(1) (*þwarte-knot) ‘cross knot’;  (2) (þwarle knot) ‘tight knot’, ‘intricate knot’, ‘twirled knot’

(1) þverr ‘athwart, across, transverse’

DD2

(1) *þwerxwaz; (2b) *þwer- or *þwar-; (2c) *xwerƀan-

(1) Far tvørur, Icel þver, Norw tver, ODan thwær, Dan tvær, OS þvær, þvar

Gaw 194
 

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schifted v. (1) shift; (2) shaft

(1) (*schifted) ‘shifted, declined’; (2) (MS schafted) (a) ‘beamed, shone forth’, (b) ‘set’

(1) skifta, skipta ''to order, arrange'

DD2

(1) *skiptian- or *skipatjan-; (2) *skaft-

(1) Far skifta, Icel skipta, skifta, Norw skifta, ODan skiftæ, Dan skifte, Sw skifta

Gaw 1467

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*sparred v. (1) spar; (2) speed

(1) (*sparred) ‘sprang’;  (2) (*sped(e) (him)) ‘hastened’

(1a) sparra 'to stretch out (the legs)’, sperrask ‘to struggle (by putting the feet out)’; (1b) sparra ‘to raise the spars in a house; to stretch out the legs like rafters’, sperrask ‘to struggle by putting the feet out like spars’

DD2

(1a) *sparrjan-; (1b) *sparr-; (2) *spōdi-

(1a) Far sperra, Icel sperra, Norw sperra, Dan spærre, Sw spärra

Gaw 1444

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list n. list

(1) (*list vpon lif) ‘joy’; (2) ‘the ear, hearing’

(1) lyst ‘lust, desire’, lysta v. 'one desires, wishes (impers.)'

 

DD2

(1) *lust-i- or *lustjan-; (2) *hlusti-

(1) Far lyst, Icel lyst, Norw lyst, Dan lyst, MSw lyst, lust, Sw lust; Far lysta, Icel lysta, Norw lysta, Dan lyste, Sw lysta

Gaw 1719

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laucyng n., v. (1) lance; (2) loosing

(1) (forlancyng) ‘throwing out’ (pres. ptcp.);  (2) (laucyng) ‘loosening’ (vbl. n.)

(2) lauss (adj.) ‘loose, free (etc.)’ 

D2

(2) *lausa-

(2) Far leysur, Icel laus, Norw laus, Dan løs, Sw lös

Gaw 1334

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toruayle n.

(1) (trauayle) ‘hard task’; (2) (toruayle) ‘hard task’, ‘difficulty’.

(2) torveldi (fem. or neut.) ‘a difficulty’

DD2

(2) *tor- + *waldi-

(2) Far tor-, Icel tor-, Norw tor-, Sw dial tor-

Gaw 1540

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knot n. knot

(1) (a) ‘knot, cluster’, (b) (*kerre) ‘thicket on marshy ground’; (2) ‘rocky (wooded) knoll’.

(1b) kjarr 'copsewood, brushwood’; (2b) knǫttr ‘ball’  

DD2

(1a) *knuttan-; (1b) *kerza; (2a) *knuttan-(2b) *knatt-

(1b) Far (name element) kjarr, Icel kjarr, Norw kjarr, kjerr, Dan kær, Sw kärr 

Gaw 1431, 1434

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neme v. (1) nim; (2) nemn

(1) (a) ‘took’ (pret. pl.), (b) ‘take’ (pres. pl.); (2) ‘name’ (pres. pl.; neme for, ‘name as’)

(1) nema ‘to take’

DD2

(1) *neman-; (2) *namnjan-

(1) Far nema, Icel nema, Norw nema, ODan nimmæ, Dan nemme, OSw næma, nima, Sw dial nimma

Gaw 1347

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slokes n., v. slock

(1) (a) (v., imp. pl.) ‘stop, enough!’, (b) (v., pres. 2 sg.) ‘you are dawdling’, (c) (n., pl.) ‘stops’ (bot ~, ‘without stops, continuously’);  (2) (v., pres. 2 sg.) ‘thou remainest idle, inactive’.

(1) slokinn ‘slaked, extinguished’; (2a) sloka ‘to slop’; (2b) slókr ‘a slouching fellow’

D2

(1) *sluk- ; (2a) *sluk-; (2b) *slōk- (cp. *slaka-)

(1) Icel slokinn, OSw slukin; (2a) Icel sloka; (2b) Icel slókur, Norw slōk, Sw slok, Jutland slog; cp. (v.) Norw dial slōka, Sw sloka

Gaw 412

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spenne-fote adv. spen-foot

(1) (a) ?‘with feet apart’;  (b) ‘with feet together’;  (2) ‘striking out with the feet’;  (3) ‘as if taking a spring with a kick’;  (4) ‘quickly’

(1) spenna (v.) ‘to span, clasp’; (3) spenna (v.) ‘(to jump) as if taking a spring with a kick’ (cp. sperna (v.) ‘to spurn, kick with the feet’); (4) spenna ‘to spend, enjoy’

D2

(1) *span(n)-; (2) *spennan-; (4) *spendan-

(1) Far spenna, Icel spenna, Norw spenna, Dan spænde, Sw spänna; (3) Far spenna, Norw spenna, Dan spænde, Sw dial spänna; (4) Icel spenna

Gaw 2316

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scholes adj., n. (1) shoeless; (2) soles

(1) (adj.) ‘shoeless’;  (2) (n. pl.) ‘shoes with long pointed toes’; (3) (n. pl.) ‘thin plates (part of the horse’s armour)’; (4) (n. pl.) ‘protections under and inside the thighs’; (5) (n. pl.) ‘supports covering the sole of the foot’.

(1) skólauss 'shoeless'; (4) skál ‘bowl, hollow; scales’

DD2

(1) *skōhaz; (3) *skullōn; (4) *skēl-

(1) Far skógvur, Icel skór, Norw sko, Dan sko, Sw sko; (3) Sw skolla; (4) Far skál, Icel skál, Norw skål, Dan skål, Sw skål

Gaw 160

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heme adj., n. (1) heme; (2) hem

(1) (adj.) ‘suitable, neat’; (2) (n.) ‘hem, skirt’

(1) cp. heimolliga, heimulliga (later heimugliga) ‘privately, intimately; duly, with full title to possession’

DD2

(1) *xaimaz; (2) *xam(m)-

(1) cp. Icel heimileg(u)r, Norw heimeleg, Dan hemmelig, Sw heimlig

Gaw 157

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lyte n., pron. lite

(1) (n.) ‘expectation’ (i.e. ‘back (in fear) Gaw 1463; on lyte ‘in delay’, Gaw 2303); (2) (a) (pron.) ‘few’ (on lyte droʒen ‘few advanced’, 1463); (b) (n.) ‘fault’ (on lyte ‘at fault, faultily, improperly’)

(1) hlíta ‘to rely on, trust, abide by’; (2a) lítt (adv.) ‘little’; (2b) lýti ‘fault, flaw, deformity’

D2

(1) *hlītan-; (2a) lūti- or lītilaz; (2b) *leut-

(1) Far líta, Icel hlíta, Norw lita, Dan lide, OSw lita, Sw lita; (2a) Far lítt, Icel lítt, Dan lidt; (2b) Far lýti, Icel lýti, Norw lyte, Dan lyde, Sw lyte

Gaw 1463, 2303

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vnhap (2) n., v. unhap

(1) (n.) ‘misfortune’; (2) (v., infin.) ‘to unfasten’

(1) óhapp ‘bad fortune’

DD2

(1) *xap(p)-; (2) *haf-, *hasp-, or *haft-

(1) Far happ, Icel happ, Norw happ, Sw dial happ; (2) Far hefta, Icel hefta, Norw hefta, Dan hefte, Sw häfta 

Gaw 2511

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twynnen v. twine

(1) (pp.) ‘twined, plaited’ (or pres. pl. 'twine, plait');  (2) (pres. pl.) ‘match’

(1) tvinni ‘twine, twisted thread’; (2) tvennr (tvinnr) cp. 'two-fold, twin, in pairs'

D2

*twizn-

(1) Icel tvinni, Dan tvinde, Sw tvinna; (2) Far tvinnur, Icel tvennur, Norw tvinn, tvenne, ODan tvinnæ, tvænnæ, Dan tvende, OSw tvænne, tvinn-, Sw tvenne

Gaw 191

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reget n., v.

(1) (v.) ‘get again, redeem’, ?(2) (n.) ‘that which is given up’ (3) (*refet) (v.) ‘refresh’

(1) geta 'get, engender'

DD2

(1) *getan-

(1) Far gita, Icel geta, Norw gita, gjeta, Dan gide, OSw gita, gæta, Sw gitta, Sw dial gäta

Pe 1064

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typped adj., v. ?tipped

(1) ?'consummate'; (2) 'fallen'

(1) typpa 'to tip, top', cp. typptr (adj.) 'tipped, laced'

D2

(1) Icel typpa, Norw typpa; (2) Sw tippa

Pat 77

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blose n.

(1) ?’rough uncouth person’; (2) 'ugly sight'; (3) and (4) ?’flame’

(3) blossi ‘flame’; cp. blys ‘torch’

DD2

(3) *ƀlus- or ƀlūs-; (4) blās-

(3) Icel blossi, Norw bluss, Dan blus, OSw blus, blos; cp. Icel blys

Pe 911

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breth n. (1) breath

(1) breath; (2) 'fury'

(2) bræði 'anger, fury'

D2

*brēþa-

(2) Far bræði, Icel bræði, Norw bræde, OSw bræþe

Cl 916

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draueled v. dravel

(1)  ‘muttered (in sleep)’; (2) ‘drawled’

(1a) drafl (n.) ‘nonsense, foolish talk/conduct’, cp. drafa ‘to mumble, say (something) indistinctly’,

DD2

(1) *draƀ-; (1b) *draƀil- or *draƀulō(j)an-

(1a) Icel drafl, Dan dravel, Sw dravel; Icel drafla, Norw dravla 

Gaw 1750

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wylyde adj. wild

(1a) ‘wild, i.e. licentious, amorous’, (1b) ‘cruel’ (~ werke ‘cruel act’);  (2) ‘choice’ (~ werke ‘choice handiwork’);  (3a) ‘guileful’ (~ werke ‘intrigue’), (3b) ‘skilful’

(2) vildr (vilðr) ‘chosen, choice, good’; (3) ?vél ‘wile, device, trick’

DD2

(1) *welþja-; (2) *wel-; (3) (1) *wīl-, wīgel- or ?*wihl-

(2) Icel vildur, ODan vildh, MSw vilder, Sw dial viller; (3) ?Far væl, Icel vél, Norw vēl, MSw väl

Gaw 2367

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werle n.

(1a) ?'circlet, circular ornament'; (1b) 'circle, ring (of hair)'; (2) 'attire, covering'

hvirfill 'circle, ring, crown of the head'

D2

(1a) *xwarƀilaz; (1b) *xwerƀilaz; (2) *was(j)an-

Far hvir(v)il, Icel hvirfill, Norw kvirvel, kvervil, Dan hvirvel, Sw (h)virvel

Pe 209

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skayued v. skayved

(a) ‘wild, desolate’, (b) ‘precipitously overhanging, threatening’, (c) ‘twisted’

skeifr ‘askew, oblique’

A1

*skaiba-

Far skeivur, Icel skeifur, Norw skeiv, ODan skev, Dan skæv, OSw skēver, Sw skev

Gaw 2167

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raþeled v. rathel

?'entwined'

(2) raða ‘to set in order’

DD1c

(2) Far raða, Icel raða, Norw rada, Sw rada

Gaw 2294

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warþe n. warth

?'ford, shore'

cp. vað ‘wading place, ford’

CC3c

*waruþaz 

Far vað, Icel vað, Norw vad, ODan vad, Dan vad, Sw vad

Gaw 715

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skyg adj.

?'particular'


 

D1c

?*skewwa-

cp. Norw dial skegg, Sw dial skegg

Cl 21

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lake-ryftes n.

?'river valleys'

ript 'withdrawal, breach of contract'

B2c

*rīfan-

Norw rift, Dan rift, Sw rift

Cl 536

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Etymology