List of Abbreviations
Languages and dialects
dial = dialect(s)
E = Early
L = Late
M = Middle
obsol. = obsolete
O = Old
Mn = Modern
P = Proto-
PD = Present-Day
Prim = Primitive
Std = Standard
PCOE = pre-contact Old English (i.e. OE of the period before sustained contact with ON in the 9th century)
AF = Anglo-French (Anglo-Fr)
AN = Anglo-Norman
Angl = Anglian
Anglo-Fr = Anglo-French
Burgundian = Burgundian
Dan = Danish
Du = Dutch
E = English
EN = East Norse
Far = Faroese
Fr = French
Fris = Frisian
Gael = Gaelic
Ger = German
Gmc = Germanic
HG = High German
Icel = Icelandic
IE = Indo-European
Ir = Irish
Kt = Kentish
Lat = Latin
Lith = Lithuanian
LF = Low Franconian
LG = Low German
Go= Gothic
Gotl= Gotlandic
Grk = Greek
Merc = Mercian
N = Norse
Nhb = Northumbrian
Norw = Norwegian
NNo = Nynorsk
OSw = Old Swedish
S = Saxon
Scand = Scandinavian
Sc Gael = Scots Gaelic
Shetl = Shetland (Norn)
Sw = Swedish (sometimes Swed)
VAN = Viking-Age Norse
We = Welsh
WFris = West Frisian
WMerc = West Mercian
WN = West Norse
WS = West Saxon
Places and regions
E = East
EAngl = East Anglia
N = North
N/EM = North and/or East Midlands (of England)
NM = North Midlands
NW = North-West
SE = South-East
SW = South-West
SWM = South-West Midlands
Brks. = Berkshire
Chs. = Cheshire
Cmb. = Cambridge
Cum. = Cumberland
Der. = Derby
Dev. = Devon
Ess. = Essex
Flt. = Flint
Glo. = Gloucestershire
Hnt. = Huntingdon
Lakel. = Lakeland
Lan. = Lancashire
Lin. = Lincoln
Mid. = Middlesex
Nhb.= Northumberland
Nhp. = Northampton
Not. = Nottingham
Nrf. = Norfolk
Orkn. = Orkney
Pem. = Pembroke
Sc. = Scotland
Shetl. = Sheltand
Som. = Somerset
Suf. = Suffolk
Sus. = Sussex
War. = Warwick
Wil. = Wiltshire
Wm. = Westmoorland
Yks. = Yorkshire
Note that English (Scots, Irish etc.) regions cited in summaries of EDD follow EDD conventions.
Grammatical
acc. = accusative
adj. = adjective
adv. = adverb
attrib. = attributive
comp. = comparative
cp. = compare
dat. = dative
demon. = demonstrative
fem. = feminine
gen. = genitive
imp. = imperative
inc. = including/includes
ind. = indicative
indef. pron. = indefinite pronoun
infin. = infinitive
infl. = influence(d by)
interj. = interjection
intr. = intransitive
masc. = masculine
n. = noun
neut. = neuter
num. = numeral
pers. pron. = personal pronoun
pl. = plural
post-prep. = post-prepositional
pp. = past participle
prep. = preposition
pres. = present
pres. ptcp. = present participle
pret. = preterite
prob. = probably
pron. = pronoun
rel. pron. = relative pronoun
sg. = singular
str. = strong
subj. = subjunctive
sb. = substantive
superl. = superlative
s.v. = sub voce
tr. = transitive
v. = verb
vbl. n. = verbal noun
wk. = weak
Notation, symbols and other conventions when citing forms
< derives from
> develops into
[ ] enclose phonetic notation (unless stated to the contrary, the system used is that of the International Phonetic Association)
/ / enclose phonemic notation
< > enclose spellings actually attested in specific texts
italics are used for general or hypothetical language states (e.g. OE, PGmc) during historical discussion and reconstruction
* before a word: indicates a hypothetical form, dependent on
Vowel length is marked conventionally with an acute accent when citing ON and Icel (e.g. é), but with a flat macron when citing other Gmc languages (e.g. ē).
Alphabetical order follows normal conventions for each language. For ME words in texts from the Gersum corpus, <y> is treated as equivalent to <i>; <ȝ> follows <g>; <þ> follows <t>.
Texts
OE short titles normally follow those in DOE; and ME short titles normally follow those in MED. Otherwise:
AMA = alliterative Morte Arthure
Cl = Cleanness (a.k.a. Purity)
DT = Destruction of Troy
Gaw = Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Pat = Patience
Pe = Pearl
Erk = St Erkenwald
SJ = Siege of Jerusalem
WA = Wars of Alexander