v. (wk.)
Gaw pres. cast-, past. and pp. kest, cast; Pe past pl. kesten, pp. kest, keste, kaste; Cl pres. 3 sg. kesteʒ, past 3 pl. kesten, pp. kest; Pat past 1 sg., past 3 pl., pp. kest; Erk infin. cast, pp. kest; WA infin. cast, kast, pres. 3 sg. castis, pres. pl. castis, kastis, pres. ptcp. kastand, past sg. kest, past pl. kest, kast, pp. kast, kest
‘to throw, sprinkle (water), put; lift; offer, make; utter; aim; ponder; speak; scatter; cast out, remove; scheme’ (Modern English cast)
PGmc Ancestor
*kas(a)tō(j)an-
Proposed ON Etymon (OIcel representative)
kasta ‘to cast, throw’
(ONP kasta (vb.))
Other Scandinavian Reflexes
Far kasta, Icel kasta, Norw kasta, Dan kaste, Sw kasta
OE Cognate
Phonological and morphological markers
absence of palatalization of */k/
Summary category
A1
Widespread from early ME.
Occurrences in the Gersum Corpus
Gaw 64, 228, 249 etc.; Pe 66, 861, 1122 etc.; Cl 234, 414, 460 etc.; Pat 153, 154, 157, etc.; Erk 83, 317; WA 138, 163, 184 etc.
Gaw 1696 costez is emended in some editions (including M(G), GDS, CA, W, AW) to *c[a]stez, but the MS reading is defended by Knott 1915: 106, Onions 1923: 285-6, TGD and Vant (though their interpretations of the word vary: see costez). On the sense 'speak', see PS n249. On the sense 'sprinkle, cast (water)' in Erk, see Peterson 317n. The D MS of WA reads <lost hase> for kest away at 2051.